Review of Dioctophyme renale: Etiology, Morphology, Biology, Ecoepidemiology, Pathogenesis, Symptomatology, Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention

Russo, Z. Hernández; Callirgos, Jorge Cárdenas; García-Ayachi, Luis A.; Wetzel, Eric J.

doi:10.1645/21-65

Cited by 3 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 60 publications

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“…During the migration through various organs of the infected dog, D. renale causes mechanical damage, especially in the right kidney by parenchymal compression. Apart from the mechanical eff ects, parasites have esophageal glands, whose secretion of lipolytic and proteolytic enzymes causes chemical damage to infected tissues and organs (Russo et al, 2022).…”

Section: Life Cyclementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Dioctophyma renale is very widespread in tropical and subtropical regions with a tendency to spread to other geographical areas. Th is phenomenon mainly occurs due to transport of dogs from endemic areas where they get infected by eating meat from intermediate hosts containing infective larvae (Measures, 2001;Russo et al, 2022). It is most commonly diagnosed in North and South America, Asia, and sporadically in Europe (Taylor et al, 2007).…”

Section: Geographical Distribution and Epizootiological Characteristi...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Th e highest prevalence of dioctophimosis is found in mammals from South America (37-42.1%), where the disease has been reported in thirtythree countries with most clinical cases in Argentina (1,414). Due to tropical ecosystems, which are suitable for the coexistence of intermediate and defi nitive hosts, there is an increasing likelihood of the occurrence, maintenance, and spread of the infection, while humidity and suitable temperature favourably aff ect the development and vitality of eggs (Russo et al, 2022).…”

Section: Geographical Distribution and Epizootiological Characteristi...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Th e parasite is predominantly localized in the right kidney of dogs but can also parasitize in subcutaneous tissues, mediastinum, peritoneum, and internal organs when it causes an ectopic form of the disease (Taylor et al, 2007;Angelou et al, 2020;Greer et al, 2021). During the indirect developmental cycle and migration of larval stages, D. renale causes nonspecifi c symptoms in the form of lumbar pain, dysuria, hematuria, and general disturbances (Gherman, 2013; Russo et al, 2022). Th e above clinical manifestations are the result of high intensity infections where death due to renal failure is possible (Taylor et al, 2007;Paras et al, 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Larval forms of the parasite cause trauma by migrating through individual tissues and organs -stomach, duodenum, liver, abdominal cavity (Ferreira et al, 2010). Adults infl ict chemical damage to infected tissues and organs and, by mechanical action, cause compression and atrophy of the renal parenchyma (Russo et al, 2022) and obstruction of the ureter with subsequent hydronephrosis (Angelou et al, 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Epidemiological and Clinical Importance of Canine Dioctophimosis

Ilić,

Ignjatovic,

Jovanović

et al. 2023

AVM

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Dioctophimosis is an endoparasitism in dogs caused by Dioctophyma renale, a nematode with an indirect life cycle and high zoonotic potential. Infection in dogs occurs through ingestion of transitional/paratenic hosts containing infective larvae. The preferred site of parasitism is the right kidney, although the parasite may also be ectopically localized in subcutaneous tissue, internal organs, peritoneum, and mediastinum. Since dogs are usually infected with a small number of parasites, the disease is asymptomatic, making the diagnosis of this disease in clinical veterinary practice rather difficult. In addition, as dogs are usually infected with a small number of parasites, the disease is asymptomatic, which makes the diagnosing of this disease in clinical veterinary practice difficult. The long prepatent period, lasting three to five months, makes it impossible to diagnose the disease in dogs younger than six months. Clinical suspicion of dioctophimosis in dogs is established on the basis of anamnestic/epizootiologic data and the clinical picture, while the final diagnosis is made ante mortem or post mortem on the basis of reliable diagnostic parameters and methods. The most practical application in routine diagnosis of canine dioctophimosis is the detection of D. renale eggs in urine sediment. When dioctophimosis is suspected in carnivores, the differential diagnosis should exclude urinary capillariosis, feline polycystic nephropathy, leptospirosis, renal fibrosis, and nephritis of various etiology. The outcome of treatment is uncertain and includes surgical removal of the affected kidney or drug therapy with avermectin derivatives. Prophylaxis consists of preventing contact of dogs with potential transitional hosts and controlling the feeding of their heat-untreated meat. Because of the potential risks that D. renale may have on the health of dog owners, education on the etiopathogenesis and means of occurrence, maintenance, and spread of this nematode is necessary.

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Section: Life Cyclementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Geographical Distribution and Epizootiological Characteristi...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Geographical Distribution and Epizootiological Characteristi...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Epidemiological and Clinical Importance of Canine Dioctophimosis

Ilić,

Ignjatovic,

Jovanović

et al. 2023

AVM

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What is your diagnosis? Subcutaneous inguinal mass in a dog

Lamego,

Paz,

dos Santos

et al. 2024

Veterinary Clinical Pathol

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Human parasitic infections of the class Adenophorea: global epidemiology, pathogenesis, prevention and control

Intirach,

Shu,

et al. 2024

Infect Dis Poverty

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Background Human parasitic infections caused by Adenophorean nematodes encompass a range of diseases, including dioctophymiasis, trichuriasis, capillariasis, trichinellosis, and myositis. These infection can result in adverse impacts on human health and cause societal and economic concerns in tropical and subtropical regions. Methods This review conducted searches in PubMed, Embase and Google Scholar for relevant studies that published in established databases up to April 26, 2024. Studies that focused on the common morphology, life cycle, disease distribution, clinical manifestations, and prevention and control strategies for Adenophorean parasitic diseases in humans were included. Results Adenophorean nematodes exhibit shared morphological characteristics with a four-layered cuticle; uninucleate epidermal cells; pseudocoelom with six or more coelomocytes; generally three caudal glands; five esophageal glands; two testes in males with median-ventral supplementary glands in a single row; tail in males rarely possessing caudal alae; amphids always postlabial; presence of cephalic sensory organs; absence of phasmids; and a secretory-excretory system consisting of a single ventral gland cell, usually with a non-cuticularized terminal duct. Humans play two important roles in the life cycle of the nematode class, Adenophorea: 1) as a definitive host infected by ingesting undercooked paratenic hosts, embryonated eggs, infective larvae in fish tissue and meat contaminated with encysted or non-encysted larvae, and 2) as an accidental host infected by ingesting parasitic eggs in undercooked meat. Many organs are targeted by the Adenophorean nematode in humans such as the intestines, lungs, liver, kidneys, lymphatic circulation and blood vessels, resulting in gastrointestinal problems, excessive immunological responses, cell disruption, and even death. Most of these infections have significant incidence rates in the developing countries of Africa, Asia and Latin America; however, some parasitic diseases have restricted dissemination in outbreaks. To prevent these diseases, interventions together with education, sanitation, hygiene and animal control measures have been introduced in order to reduce and control parasite populations. Conclusions The common morphology, life cycle, global epidemiology and pathology of human Adenophorean nematode-borne parasitic diseases were highlighted, as well as their prevention and control. The findings of this review will contribute to improvement of monitoring and predicting human-parasitic infections, understanding the relationship between animals, humans and parasites, and preventing and controlling parasitic diseases. Graphical Abstract

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Review of Dioctophyme renale: Etiology, Morphology, Biology, Ecoepidemiology, Pathogenesis, Symptomatology, Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention

Cited by 3 publications

References 60 publications

Epidemiological and Clinical Importance of Canine Dioctophimosis

Epidemiological and Clinical Importance of Canine Dioctophimosis

What is your diagnosis? Subcutaneous inguinal mass in a dog

Human parasitic infections of the class Adenophorea: global epidemiology, pathogenesis, prevention and control

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