Reversible Swarming and Separation of Self-Propelled Chemically Powered Nanomotors under Acoustic Fields

Xu, Tailin; Soto, Fernando; Gao, Wei; Dong, Renfeng; García‐Gradilla, Víctor; Magaña, Ernesto; Zhang, Xueji; Wang, Joseph

doi:10.1021/ja511012v

Cited by 276 publications

(274 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Therefore, such artificial systems can mimic chemotactic processes found in biological systems. Aggregation of chemotactic active colloids was also reported in further experiments [10,189,191,194,303].…”

Section: Dynamic Clustering and Phase Separationsupporting

confidence: 62%

Emergent behavior in active colloids

Zöttl

Stark

2016

J. Phys.: Condens. Matter

511

559

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Active colloids are microscopic particles, which self-propel through viscous fluids by converting energy extracted from their environment into directed motion. We first explain how articial microswimmers move forward by generating near-surface flow fields via self-phoresis or the self-induced Marangoni effect. We then discuss generic features of the dynamics of single active colloids in bulk and in confinement, as well as in the presence of gravity, field gradients, and fluid flow. In the third part, we review the emergent collective behavior of active colloidal suspensions focussing on their structural and dynamic properties. After summarizing experimental observations, we give an overview on the progress in modeling collectively moving active colloids. While active Brownian particles are heavily used to study collective dynamics on large scales, more advanced methods are necessary to explore the importance of hydrodynamic and phoretic particle interactions. Finally, the relevant physical approaches to quantify the emergent collective behavior are presented.

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Section: Dynamic Clustering and Phase Separationsupporting

confidence: 62%

Emergent behavior in active colloids

Zöttl

Stark

2016

J. Phys.: Condens. Matter

511

559

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“…51 A similar behavior was reported for the swarming of chemically powered catalytic nanomotors. 52 The assembling and aggregation persist, while the acoustic field is applied. Removal of this acoustic field and activation of the magnetic field trigger the corkscrew propulsion and lead to rapid dispersion of the nanomotor aggregate, and a directional motion of the resulting swarm (t = 26 s).…”

Section: Nano Lettersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Magneto–Acoustic Hybrid Nanomotor

et al. 2015

Nano Lett.

Self Cite

262

229

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Efficient and controlled nanoscale propulsion in harsh environments requires careful design and manufacturing of nanomachines, which can harvest and translate the propelling forces with high spatial and time resolution. Here we report a new class of artificial nanomachine, named magneto-acoustic hybrid nanomotor, which displays efficient propulsion in the presence of either magnetic or acoustic fields without adding any chemical fuel. These fuel-free hybrid nanomotors, which comprise a magnetic helical structure and a concave nanorod end, are synthesized using a template-assisted electrochemical deposition process followed by segment-selective chemical etching. Dynamic switching of the propulsion mode with reversal of the movement direction and digital speed regulation are demonstrated on a single nanovehicle. These hybrid nanomotors exhibit a diverse biomimetic collective behavior, including stable aggregation, swarm motion, and swarm vortex, triggered in response to different field inputs. Such adaptive hybrid operation and controlled collective behavior hold considerable promise for designing smart nanovehicles that autonomously reconfigure their operation mode according to their mission or in response to changes in their surrounding environment or in their own performance, thus holding considerable promise for diverse practical biomedical applications of fuel-free nanomachines.

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“…Following the trend toward the microscale, various acoustic techniques such as surface acoustic waves [9][10][11] (SAWs), acoustic bubbles [12], or acoustic actuation [13] have been developed for use in LoC technology. Likewise, the use of soundbased particle separation and trapping was explored [14][15][16][17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Imaging local acoustic pressure in microchannels

et al. 2015

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A method for determining the spatially resolved acoustic field inside a water-filled microchannel is presented. The acoustic field, both amplitude and phase, is determined by measuring the change of the index of refraction of the water due to local pressure using stroboscopic illumination. Pressure distributions are measured for the fundamental pressure resonance in the water and two higher harmonic modes. By combining measurement at a range of excitation frequencies, a frequency map of modes is made, from which the spectral line width and Q-factor of individual resonances can be obtained.

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Reversible Swarming and Separation of Self-Propelled Chemically Powered Nanomotors under Acoustic Fields

Abstract: Supporting Videos SI

Cited by 276 publications

References 35 publications

Emergent behavior in active colloids

Emergent behavior in active colloids

Magneto–Acoustic Hybrid Nanomotor

Imaging local acoustic pressure in microchannels

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