Revealing the dependence of active site configuration of N doped and N, S-co-doped carbon nanospheres on six-membered heterocyclic precursors for oxygen reduction reaction

Improving the electron transfer in the oxygen reduction reaction by N/S co-doping for high-performance of Zn–air batteries

“…It is worth noting that the electronegativity of S is close to that of C, so S doping alone hardly causes carbon electron cloud shift. 67 However, compared with SC-800, the peak of thiophene S of NSC-800 shifts about 0.2 eV in the direction of low binding energy. The shift of the peak may be related to the influence of N on S, which promotes the movement of electrons from carbon to sulfur, resulting in the increase of electron cloud density surrounding the S atoms.…”

Identification and Understanding of Active Sites of Non‐Noble Iron‐Nitrogen‐Carbon Catalysts for Oxygen Reduction Electrocatalysis

“…In order to promote good dispersion of Fe ions in the precursor and achieve high content of FeN x coordination structure, N-rich compounds such as polyaniline, [87,88] polyphenylenediamine, [89][90][91][92][93][94][95][96] polydopamine, [85] diaminopyridine, [83,[97][98][99][100] melamine, [101,102] and N-containing MOFs, [103][104][105][106][107][108] have been employed as the ideal N sources. For example, the ZIFs with a large Brunauer−Emmett−Teller (BET) surface and abundant pores that can disperse and hold Fe, are identified to be promising candidates for synthesizing Fe-N-C catalysts.…”

CoP nanoparticles embedded in three-dimensional porous network-like structured N, O co-doped carbon nanofibers as an effective bi-functional electrocatalyst for rechargeable zinc–air batteries

“…Researchers have found that heteroatoms, such as N, P, S, O, B and so on, can significantly improve the electronic conductivity and electrocatalytic activity due to the altered electroneutrality and asymmetry of charge distribution around adjacent carbon atoms. [11][12][13][14] For example, due to the high electronegativity of oxygen, O-doping has been widely demonstrated to effectively tune the electronic structure of carbon and thus activate its electrocatalytic activity. [15][16][17] The current study shows that combining metal-based electrocatalysts with O-doped graphite layers can further improve the electrocatalytic activity.…”