Retrotransposons Regulate Host Genes in Mouse Oocytes and Preimplantation Embryos

Peaston, Anne; Evsikov, Alexei V.; Graber, Joel H.; Vries, Wilhelmine N. de; Holbrook, Andrea E.; Solter, Davor; Knowles, Barbara B.

doi:10.1016/j.devcel.2004.09.004

Cited by 630 publications

(643 citation statements)

References 61 publications

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“…We propose that transcription on lateral loops often begins at adjacent active LTR promoters. Interestingly, activation of transcription from scattered LTR promoters in oocytes was recently shown in mammals, [65][66][67] thus implying evolutionary conservation of the transcription initiation mechanism during oogenesis.…”

Section: Widespread Transcription Of the Satellite Dna During The Lammentioning

confidence: 99%

Transcription of highly repetitive tandemly organized DNA in amphibians and birds: A historical overview and modern concepts

Trofimova

Krasikova

2016

RNA Biology

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Tandemly organized highly repetitive DNA sequences are crucial structural and functional elements of eukaryotic genomes. Despite extensive evidence, satellite DNA remains an enigmatic part of the eukaryotic genome, with biological role and significance of tandem repeat transcripts remaining rather obscure. Data on tandem repeats transcription in amphibian and avian model organisms is fragmentary despite their genomes being thoroughly characterized. Review systematically covers historical and modern data on transcription of amphibian and avian satellite DNA in somatic cells and during meiosis when chromosomes acquire special lampbrush form. We highlight how transcription of tandemly repetitive DNA sequences is organized in interphase nucleus and on lampbrush chromosomes. We offer LTR-activation hypotheses of widespread satellite DNA transcription initiation during oogenesis. Recent explanations are provided for the significance of high-yield production of non-coding RNA derived from tandemly organized highly repetitive DNA. In many cases the data on the transcription of satellite DNA can be extrapolated from lampbrush chromosomes to interphase chromosomes. Lampbrush chromosomes with applied novel technical approaches such as superresolution imaging, chromosome microdissection followed by high-throughput sequencing, dynamic observation in life-like conditions provide amazing opportunities for investigation mechanisms of the satellite DNA transcription.

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Section: Widespread Transcription Of the Satellite Dna During The Lammentioning

confidence: 99%

Transcription of highly repetitive tandemly organized DNA in amphibians and birds: A historical overview and modern concepts

Trofimova

Krasikova

2016

RNA Biology

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“…Although nothing is known about a potential NAIP stress response in the germ line, it has been demonstrated that NAIP mRNA and protein is upregulated in neurons following ischemic stress [64]. It is also interesting that activity of the human NAIP HERV-P LTR promoter is highest in testis, and, in general, ERVs are transcribed highly in germ cells and early embryogenesis compared to most normal somatic cells [32,65]. While there is no evidence that other IAP genes, with the exception of NAIP, use LTR promoters, the proposed upregulation may involve gene activation by nearby LTR enhancers, offering an explanation for the fact that LTR density upstream of IAP genes as a group is high compared to random genes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…An example is the carbonic anhydrase gene (CA1), where an ancestral LTR drives erythroid-specific expression of the orthologs [6]. The more commonly documented situation is where a lineage-specific LTR acts as a gene's promoter in one species but not the other, as illustrated by the b3GALT5 gene in human [31] and various mouse genes including Spindlin [32]. The results of this study illustrate a third evolutionary scenario not previously reported: distinct LTR elements specific to the primate or rodent lineages have independently assumed roles as promoters for the NAIP orthologs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…ORR1s and MTs are rodent-specific LTR families within the MaLR superfamily [24], represented by .400,000 copies in the sequenced mouse genome [2]. The fact that the ORR1E LTR is the primary promoter for these genes is unusual, considering LTRs most often function as tissue-specific or alternative promoters [7,8,31,32,37]. Another intriguing finding is the fact that an MTC LTR has inserted into the mNaipe/f progenitor and behaves as a secondary promoter.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Repeated Recruitment of LTR Retrotransposons as Promoters by the Anti-apoptotic Locus NAIP During Mammalian Evolution

Romanish¹,

Lock²,

Lagemaat³

et al. 2005

PLoS Genet

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Neuronal apoptosis inhibitory protein (NAIP, also known as BIRC1) is a member of the conserved inhibitor of apoptosis protein (IAP) family. Lineage-specific rearrangements and expansions of this locus have yielded different copy numbers among primates and rodents, with human retaining a single functional copy and mouse possessing several copies, depending on the strain. Roles for this gene in disease have been documented, but little is known about transcriptional regulation of NAIP. We show here that NAIP has multiple promoters sharing no similarity between human and rodents. Moreover, we demonstrate that multiple, domesticated long terminal repeats (LTRs) of endogenous retroviral elements provide NAIP promoter function in human, mouse, and rat. In human, an LTR serves as a tissue-specific promoter, active primarily in testis. However, in rodents, our evidence indicates that an ancestral LTR common to all rodent genes is the major, constitutive promoter for these genes, and that a second LTR found in two of the mouse genes is a minor promoter. Thus, independently acquired LTRs have assumed regulatory roles for orthologous genes, a remarkable evolutionary scenario. We also demonstrate that 59 flanking regions of IAP family genes as a group, in both human and mouse are enriched for LTR insertions compared to average genes. We propose several potential explanations for these findings, including a hypothesis that recruitment of LTRs near NAIP or other IAP genes may represent a host-cell adaptation to modulate apoptotic responses.

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“…Therefore, transposable elements serve as a dynamic reservoir of sequences for the evolution of gene function. In addition, mobile DNA has other important general functions, for example in chromosome structure and (epi)genetic regulation (Lyon 2000, Peaston et al 2004, Han & Boeke 2005, Slotkin & Martienssen 2007.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transposable elements as drivers of genomic and biological diversity in vertebrates

et al. 2008

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Comparative genomics has revealed that major vertebrate lineages contain quantitatively and qualitatively different populations of retrotransposable elements and DNA transposons, with important differences also frequently observed between species of the same lineage. This is essentially due to (i) the differential evolution of ancestral families of transposable elements, with evolutionary scenarios ranging from complete extinction to massive invasion; (ii) the lineage-specific introduction of transposable elements by infection and horizontal transfer, as exemplified by endogenous retroviruses; and (iii) the lineage-specific emergence of new transposable elements, as particularly observed for non-coding retroelements called short interspersed elements (SINEs). During vertebrate evolution, transposable elements have repeatedly contributed regulatory and coding sequences to the host, leading to the emergence of new lineage-specific gene regulations and functions. In all vertebrate lineages, there is evidence of transposable element-mediated genomic rearrangements such as insertions, deletions, inversions and duplications potentially associated with or subsequent to speciation events. Taken together, these observations indicate that transposable elements are major drivers of genomic and biological diversity in vertebrates, with possible important roles in speciation and major evolutionary transitions.

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Retrotransposons Regulate Host Genes in Mouse Oocytes and Preimplantation Embryos

Cited by 630 publications

References 61 publications

Transcription of highly repetitive tandemly organized DNA in amphibians and birds: A historical overview and modern concepts

Transcription of highly repetitive tandemly organized DNA in amphibians and birds: A historical overview and modern concepts

Repeated Recruitment of LTR Retrotransposons as Promoters by the Anti-apoptotic Locus NAIP During Mammalian Evolution

Transposable elements as drivers of genomic and biological diversity in vertebrates

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