IMPORTANCE Although the Canadian Treat-and-Extend Analysis Trial With Ranibizumab in Patients With Neovascular Age-Related Macular Disease (CANTREAT) reported herein and the Treat and Extend study provided data to show noninferiority of treat-and-extend (T&E) at 12 months, to date there are few data on 24-month T&E trials compared with monthly dosing. OBJECTIVE To compare the efficacy of ranibizumab using a T&E regimen to monthly dosing in treatment-naive patients with neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) after 24 months. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS A randomized, open-label, multicenter, noninferiority intention-to-treat trial with a margin of −5 letters in best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) from baseline to 12 months between groups was conducted at 27 treatment centers in Canada. Participants included 580 patients with treatment-naive choroidal neovascularization secondary to AMD.