Retroductive theorizing in Pawson and Tilley's applied scientific realism

Jagosh, Justin

doi:10.1080/14767430.2020.1723301

Cited by 131 publications

(184 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…43 It involves inductive, deductive or abductive (hunch-driven) logic of inference. 44 Retroduction can be supported by substantive theories from other disciplines to help identify mechanisms or features of context and explain how overall sets of findings fit together. 45 We had identified two substantive theories from organisational literature (conservation of resources (COR) theory and psychological safety) that we used as explanatory lens through which we interpreted the patterns that our analyses had made visible in the data.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mindfulness-based programmes to reduce stress and enhance well-being at work: a realist review

2021

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ObjectivesTo understand how and why workplace mindfulness-based programmes (MBPs) work or do not work.DesignA realist review.Eligibility criteria for selectionWe considered any studies (experimental quasi-experimental, observational, qualitative and mixed-methods studies) of workplace MBPs as long as they provided data to explain our programme theories. All MBP formats and delivery modes were included.AnalysisConsistent with realist review methodology, we systematically screened and analysed data to explain how and why workplace MBPs work or do not work. These explanations were consolidated into a programme theory augmented by theories from organisational literature, such as conservation of resources theory.ResultsFindings from 75 primary studies suggest that workplace MBPs enable participants (including healthcare professionals) to deal more skillfully with stressful events and improve their well-being. The mechanisms involved can be grouped around awareness/self-regulation, acceptance/compassion, feeling permitted to take care of self, sense of growth and promise of goal attainment. In order for professionals to invest in an MBP and benefit from it, it is important that they feel safe to engage with self-care at work and share emotional difficulties among peers. It is also important that employees are able to link the programme and its activities to existing goals and practices. Concerns of being non-productive, of not getting work done or of being exposed in front of colleagues can result in strategic use of brief mindfulness exercises, non-adherence or drop-out.ConclusionsSimply offering an MBP to (healthcare) professionals in order to reduce stress and enhance well-being does not suffice. A supportive environment must exist in order for the programme’s benefits to be reaped.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42018086280.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mindfulness-based programmes to reduce stress and enhance well-being at work: a realist review

2021

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“…Combining deductive and inductive data extraction and using both topic and analytical inductive coding enhanced analytical rigour and is compatible with both qualitative data analysis and realist methodology (Fereday & Muir-Cochrane, 2016;Gilmore et al, 2019). Moving from codes to descriptive categories involved combining and abstracting codes through 'continuous dialogue' with the data to create analytically useful and focused categories (Bazeley, 2013, p. 244;Jagosh, 2020a). Continuous dialogue with the data can be described as a process of reading (re-reading), analysing, and comparatively interrogating data contained in codes in order to identify common ideas and sort codes into categories with similar characteristics (Bazeley, 2013).…”

Section: Data Extraction Analysis and Synthesismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To our knowledge, there are no current explanatory theories specific to tiered approaches to delivering rehabilitation services in education settings. Explanatory theory is imperative to guide the development and empirical testing of programmes and interventions and to inform policy (Jagosh, 2020a;Siegert et al, 2005;Whyte, 2014). Yet research for the purpose of generating explanatory theory is often not prioritised due to a focus on outcome studies, lack of funding for research to develop theory, and journal limitations regarding publishing theoretical manuscripts (Chatterjee, 2005;Siegert et al, 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tiered Approaches to Rehabilitation Services in Education Settings: Towards Developing an Explanatory Programme Theory

VanderKaay

Dix

Rivard

et al. 2021

International Journal of Disability, Development and Education

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Rehabilitation services in education settings are evolving from pullout interventions focused on remediation for children and youth with special education needs to inclusive whole-school tiered approaches focused on participation. A limited number of discipline-specific practice models for tiered services currently exist. However, there is a paucity of explanatory theory. This realist synthesis was conducted as a first step towards developing a middlerange explanatory theory of tiered rehabilitation services in education settings. The guiding research question was: What are the outcomes of successful tiered approaches to rehabilitation services for children and youth in education settings, in what circumstances do these services best occur, and how and why? An expert panel identified assumptions regarding tiered services. Relevant literature (n = 52) was located through a systematic literature review and was analysed in three stages. Several important contextual characteristics create optimal environments for implementing tiered approaches to rehabilitation services via three main mechanisms: (a) collaborative relationships, (b) authentic service delivery, and (c) reciprocal capacity building. Positive outcomes were noted at student, parent, professional, and systems levels. This first-known realist synthesis regarding tiered approaches to rehabilitation services in education settings advances understanding of the contexts and mechanisms that support successful outcomes.

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“…This was achieved through abductive thinking. Abductive thinking typically begins with an incomplete set of observations and the researcher "suggests" the likeliest possible explanation for the set through inventive thinking to imagine the existence of mechanisms that generate the observation (Jagosh, 2020). Following the critical realist causation framework presented in Figure 1, we re-contextualized the factors identified in the systematic reviews into critical realist constructs to obtain the initial exploratory theory (Downward & Mearman, 2007)- Figure 3.…”

Section: Formulating the Initial Exploratory Theorymentioning

confidence: 99%

Leveraging the Photovoice Methodology for Critical Realist Theorizing

Mukumbang

Wyk

2020

International Journal of Qualitative Methods

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Photovoice is a visual research methodology that integrates images and words to encourage the exploration of the experiences, perceptions, and meaning-making processes of individuals on various social phenomena. As a participatory qualitative methodology, Photovoice has been used within the interpretivist paradigm to explore various [public] health and social phenomena to enhance participants’ (co-investigators’) engagement and to lobby for policy. Despite its exponential growth and extensive application in the last two decades, its potential usefulness in critical realist-informed studies is unexplored. Herein, we highlight the epistemological and methodological alignment of the Photovoice methodology with the critical realist philosophy of science regarding the understanding of social phenomena through meaning-making. Drawing on the authors’ work on adolescents’ (non)adherence behavior on antiretroviral therapy, we illustrate the application of Photovoice methods in a critical realist-informed qualitative study. The emancipatory potential of the Photovoice methodology aligns with that of critical realist epistemology as they privilege participants’ (co-investigators’) knowledge generation and learning to better understand and take control of their situation - “integrated” knowledge translation. Methodologically, Photovoice provides a useful dialogue strategy for promoting discussions between the researcher and the co-investigators to obtain value-impregnated accounts to inform critical realist theorizing. The Photovoice methodology is appropriate for theorizing in critical realist research and especially suitable when engaging with suppressed or marginalized populations.

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Retroductive theorizing in Pawson and Tilley's applied scientific realism

Cited by 131 publications

References 11 publications

Mindfulness-based programmes to reduce stress and enhance well-being at work: a realist review

Mindfulness-based programmes to reduce stress and enhance well-being at work: a realist review

Tiered Approaches to Rehabilitation Services in Education Settings: Towards Developing an Explanatory Programme Theory

Leveraging the Photovoice Methodology for Critical Realist Theorizing

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