Retinal Vascular Patterns

Age exacerbates the effect of myopia on retinal capillaries and string vessels

“…RPC loss and glaucomatous nerve fiber layer damage has also been identified in patients with chronic glaucoma (63). The increased string vessel and branchpoint density observed in the parafoveal RPC of marmosets induced with myopia suggests that the myopic retinal microvasculature might be experiencing capillary regression and string vessel formation, similarly to that described in several vascular diseases (51,(64)(65)(66). There is also evidence of an increase in string vessel formation as a consequence of ganglion cell injury (67), and related to an induced apoptotic phenomenon associated with endothelial cell destruction, attached by macrophages (6).…”

Age exacerbates the effect of myopia on retinal capillaries and string vessels

“…RPC loss and glaucomatous nerve fiber layer damage has also been identified in patients with chronic glaucoma (63). The increased string vessel and branchpoint density observed in the parafoveal RPC of marmosets induced with myopia suggests that the myopic retinal microvasculature might be experiencing capillary regression and string vessel formation, similarly to that described in several vascular diseases (51,(64)(65)(66). There is also evidence of an increase in string vessel formation as a consequence of ganglion cell injury (67), and related to an induced apoptotic phenomenon associated with endothelial cell destruction, attached by macrophages (6).…”

Retinal Vascular Changes during Aging in Wistar Kyoto Rats

“…Sugi [28] con firmed that the peripheral retinal capillaries are most markedly affected with aging. Capil laries losing endothelial cell nuclei appear to maintain their original caliber as long as the intramural cells are intact [27], The retinas with loss of intramural cells show dilated cap illaries, shunts, microaneurysms, and endo thelial cell proliferation, which might occur as a part of the normal aging process without concomitant diabetes or hypertension. Capil laries without mural and endothelial cells are empty tubes of basement membrane.…”

“…The endothelial cells disappear first, then the mu ral cells, and finally the capillaries become acellular. Kuwabara et al [25] and Kuwabara and Cogan [26,27] found that many of the peripheral capillary loops of human retinas lose their nuclei completely in the 6th or 7th decade. The peripheral capillary walls then become ragged, develop saccular aneurysms, and may lose their lumina.…”

“…13,27,29,30]. Their experi mental investigations disclosed that the devel opment of microaneurysms in the peripheral retina is almost inevitable in advanced age.…”

Novel transgenic mouse models develop retinal changes associated with early diabetic retinopathy similar to those observed in rats with diabetes mellitus

“…The selective degeneration of pericytes is a hallmark of DR with the pericyte to endothelial cell ratio observed to increase from a normal ratio of 1:1 up to 1:18 in diabetics (Beltramo and Porta, 2013; Cogan et al, 1961; Kuwabara et al, 1961). A number of in vitro and in vivo studies in rats and dogs have linked this selective degeneration to AR activity (Kador et al, 2009; Murata et al, 2002; Neuenschwander et al, 1997; Robison et al, 1991; Takamura et al, 2008).…”

Age exacerbates the effect of myopia on retinal capillaries and string vessels

“…RPC loss and glaucomatous nerve fiber layer damage has also been identified in patients with chronic glaucoma (63). The increased string vessel and branchpoint density observed in the parafoveal RPC of marmosets induced with myopia suggests that the myopic retinal microvasculature might be experiencing capillary regression and string vessel formation, similarly to that described in several vascular diseases (51,(64)(65)(66). There is also evidence of an increase in string vessel formation as a consequence of ganglion cell injury (67), and related to an induced apoptotic phenomenon associated with endothelial cell destruction, attached by macrophages (6).…”

Retinal Vascular Changes during Aging in Wistar Kyoto Rats

“…Sugi [28] con firmed that the peripheral retinal capillaries are most markedly affected with aging. Capil laries losing endothelial cell nuclei appear to maintain their original caliber as long as the intramural cells are intact [27], The retinas with loss of intramural cells show dilated cap illaries, shunts, microaneurysms, and endo thelial cell proliferation, which might occur as a part of the normal aging process without concomitant diabetes or hypertension. Capil laries without mural and endothelial cells are empty tubes of basement membrane.…”

“…The endothelial cells disappear first, then the mu ral cells, and finally the capillaries become acellular. Kuwabara et al [25] and Kuwabara and Cogan [26,27] found that many of the peripheral capillary loops of human retinas lose their nuclei completely in the 6th or 7th decade. The peripheral capillary walls then become ragged, develop saccular aneurysms, and may lose their lumina.…”

“…13,27,29,30]. Their experi mental investigations disclosed that the devel opment of microaneurysms in the peripheral retina is almost inevitable in advanced age.…”

Novel transgenic mouse models develop retinal changes associated with early diabetic retinopathy similar to those observed in rats with diabetes mellitus

“…The selective degeneration of pericytes is a hallmark of DR with the pericyte to endothelial cell ratio observed to increase from a normal ratio of 1:1 up to 1:18 in diabetics (Beltramo and Porta, 2013; Cogan et al, 1961; Kuwabara et al, 1961). A number of in vitro and in vivo studies in rats and dogs have linked this selective degeneration to AR activity (Kador et al, 2009; Murata et al, 2002; Neuenschwander et al, 1997; Robison et al, 1991; Takamura et al, 2008).…”

Age exacerbates the effect of myopia on retinal capillaries and string vessels

“…RPC loss and glaucomatous nerve fiber layer damage has also been identified in patients with chronic glaucoma (63). The increased string vessel and branchpoint density observed in the parafoveal RPC of marmosets induced with myopia suggests that the myopic retinal microvasculature might be experiencing capillary regression and string vessel formation, similarly to that described in several vascular diseases (51,(64)(65)(66). There is also evidence of an increase in string vessel formation as a consequence of ganglion cell injury (67), and related to an induced apoptotic phenomenon associated with endothelial cell destruction, attached by macrophages (6).…”

Retinal Vascular Changes during Aging in Wistar Kyoto Rats

“…Sugi [28] con firmed that the peripheral retinal capillaries are most markedly affected with aging. Capil laries losing endothelial cell nuclei appear to maintain their original caliber as long as the intramural cells are intact [27], The retinas with loss of intramural cells show dilated cap illaries, shunts, microaneurysms, and endo thelial cell proliferation, which might occur as a part of the normal aging process without concomitant diabetes or hypertension. Capil laries without mural and endothelial cells are empty tubes of basement membrane.…”

“…The endothelial cells disappear first, then the mu ral cells, and finally the capillaries become acellular. Kuwabara et al [25] and Kuwabara and Cogan [26,27] found that many of the peripheral capillary loops of human retinas lose their nuclei completely in the 6th or 7th decade. The peripheral capillary walls then become ragged, develop saccular aneurysms, and may lose their lumina.…”

“…13,27,29,30]. Their experi mental investigations disclosed that the devel opment of microaneurysms in the peripheral retina is almost inevitable in advanced age.…”

Novel transgenic mouse models develop retinal changes associated with early diabetic retinopathy similar to those observed in rats with diabetes mellitus

“…The selective degeneration of pericytes is a hallmark of DR with the pericyte to endothelial cell ratio observed to increase from a normal ratio of 1:1 up to 1:18 in diabetics (Beltramo and Porta, 2013; Cogan et al, 1961; Kuwabara et al, 1961). A number of in vitro and in vivo studies in rats and dogs have linked this selective degeneration to AR activity (Kador et al, 2009; Murata et al, 2002; Neuenschwander et al, 1997; Robison et al, 1991; Takamura et al, 2008).…”