Retinal ischemia induced by the intraluminal suture method in rats

Block, F.; Grommes, Christian; Kosinski, Christoph M.; Schmidt, Wolfgang G.; Schwarz, Michael

doi:10.1016/s0304-3940(97)00575-2

Cited by 35 publications

(37 citation statements)

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“…The current findings in mice contrast in both temporal and spatial aspects to the findings in the 2 previous studies that provided evidence of retinal ischemia by fMCAO in albino rats. 12,13 Although functional evaluations of ischemic retina, including electroretinogram, need to be made in the mouse in the future, the retina of the SV129 mouse appears more susceptible to ischemia compared with that of the albino rat, at least evidenced by conventional histological methods. Nevertheless, our study demonstrated the first evidence of retinal ischemia by fMCAO in mice.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In their study, male SpragueDawley rats were subjected to 3 hours fMCAO and electroretinogram was recorded. 12 During fMCAO, the amplitude of the a-and b-wave was markedly suppressed. 12 The a-wave is associated with rod photoreceptor activity 14 and b-wave reflects the combined activity of depolarizing bipolar cells and potassium currents of Müller cells.…”

mentioning

confidence: 94%

“…12 During fMCAO, the amplitude of the a-and b-wave was markedly suppressed. 12 The a-wave is associated with rod photoreceptor activity 14 and b-wave reflects the combined activity of depolarizing bipolar cells and potassium currents of Müller cells. 15 After reperfusion, the a-wave recovered completely but the amplitude of the b-wave recovered to approximately 50% of the pre-fMCAO level and remained at this level up to 2 days after reperfusion.…”

mentioning

confidence: 94%

“…15 After reperfusion, the a-wave recovered completely but the amplitude of the b-wave recovered to approximately 50% of the pre-fMCAO level and remained at this level up to 2 days after reperfusion. 12 The changes in electroretinogram were accompanied by increased glial fibrillary acidic protein immunoreactivity in Müller cells 3 days after reperfusion. However, no histological evidence for neuronal damage to any of the retinas after fMCAO was detected by cresyl violet staining.…”

mentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Indeed, 2 previously published works using rats demonstrated that fMCAO induced retinal ischemia. 12, 13 Block et al 12 demonstrated the first evidence of retinal ischemia by fMCAO. In their study, male SpragueDawley rats were subjected to 3 hours fMCAO and electroretinogram was recorded.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Filamentous Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion Causes Ischemic Damage to the Retina in Mice

Steele

Guo

Namura

2008

Stroke

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Background and Purpose-Filamentous middle cerebral artery occlusion (fMCAO) is the most frequently used focal cerebral ischemia model in rodents. The proximity of the ophthalmic artery to the middle cerebral artery suggests that fMCAO induces retinal ischemia. We therefore tested whether fMCAO induces ischemia/reperfusion damage in retina in mice. Methods-SV129EV mice were subjected to transient (30 or 60 minutes) fMCAO followed by reperfusion under isoflurane anesthesia. Retinal perfusion was evaluated by intravenous injection of fluorescent microspheres combined with fluorescent microscopy using flat-mounted retinas. The fluorescent density of ipsilateral retina relative to contralateral retina was determined in each animal. Retinal injury was assessed by cresyl violet staining and in situ TUNEL. Results-Microsphere analysis demonstrated perfusion defect in the ipsilateral retina after 60 minutes fMCAO and effective restoration after reperfusion. Thirty minutes fMCAO did not produce evident histological changes, even after 2 days of reperfusion. Sixty minutes fMCAO followed by 2 hours reperfusion resulted in extensive cell damage in the inner nuclear (Ͼ30%) and ganglion cell (Ͼ50%) layers. TUNEL demonstrated very few positive cells, suggesting that damaged cells were mainly undergoing nonapoptotic cell death. Conclusions-Sixty minutes fMCAO produces retinal injury in SV129EV mice. Potential visual dysfunction should be considered when a particular occlusion period is selected for studying neurological outcomes after fMCAO. Because visual disturbance is often associated with thrombotic/embolic stroke in humans, fMCAO represents an appropriate model for future studies aimed at understanding and ameliorating the changes that lead to retinal damage in these patients.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 94%

mentioning

confidence: 94%

mentioning

confidence: 98%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Filamentous Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion Causes Ischemic Damage to the Retina in Mice

Steele

Guo

Namura

2008

Stroke

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Pathophysiology of stroke and stroke‐induced retinal ischemia: Emerging role of stem cells

Muthaian

Minhas

Anand

2011

Journal Cellular Physiology

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The current review focuses on pathophysiology, animal models and molecular analysis of stroke and retinal ischemia, and the role of stem cells in recovery of these disease conditions. Research findings associated with ischemic stroke and retinal ischemia have been discussed, and efforts towards prevention and limiting the recurrence of ischemic diseases, as well as emerging treatment possibilities with endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) in ischemic diseases, are presented. Although most neurological diseases are still not completely understood and reliable treatment is lacking, animal models provide a major step in validating novel therapies. Stem cell approaches constitute an emerging form of cell-based therapy to treat ischemic diseases since it is an attractive source for regenerative therapy in the ischemic diseases. In this review, we highlight the advantages and limitations of this approach with a focus on key observations from preclinical animal studies and clinical trials. Further research, especially on treatment with EPCs is warranted.

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Animal Models of Retinal Ischemia

Kwong

2009

Neuromethods

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Retinal ischemia induced by the intraluminal suture method in rats

Cited by 35 publications

References 15 publications

Filamentous Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion Causes Ischemic Damage to the Retina in Mice

Filamentous Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion Causes Ischemic Damage to the Retina in Mice

Pathophysiology of stroke and stroke‐induced retinal ischemia: Emerging role of stem cells

Animal Models of Retinal Ischemia

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