Reticulocyte count, mean reticulocyte volume, immature reticulocyte fraction, and mean sphered cell volume in elite athletes: reference values and comparison with the general population

Banfi, Giuseppe; Mauri, Clara; Morelli, Benedetto; Gaetano, Nicola Di; Malgeri, Ursula; Melegati, Gianluca

doi:10.1515/cclm.2006.094

Cited by 32 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…We are aware of only one study using the ADVIA system for reticulocyte determinations with results separately reported for normal adult male subjects [25]: such results showed lower reticulocyte number and immaturity than in the subjects of the present study (normal values reported: reticulocyte number: 29-69 x10 3 /L; reticulocyte %RBC: 0.5-1.4; MRF: 1.5-10.7%; HRF: 0-2.0%). Other results of reticulocytes determinations were more similar to those found in this study, but they were in relation to samples including children and ill subjects [26,27], or were obtained with instruments other than the ADVIA system [28].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

Reticulocytes in untreated Obstructive Sleep Apnoea

Marrone

Salvaggio

Gioia

et al. 2016

Monaldi Arch Chest Dis

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Background and Aim. The short, repetitive hypoxaemic episodes observed in obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) may determine small augmentations in mature red blood cells. It is unknown whether they affect reticulocyte release. This study explored whether the number and degree of maturation of circulating reticulocytes may be altered in OSA, possibly through the effect of erythropoietin. Methods. Fifty male adult patients with suspected OSA, normoxic during wakefulness, were studied. After nocturnal polysomnography, a blood sample was withdrawn for blood cells count, erythropoietin, iron and transferrin determination. Reticulocyte concentration and degree of immaturity [high (H), medium (M), or low (L)] were also determined. Immature reticulocyte fraction (IRF) was calculated as (M+H) percentage of reticulocytes. Results. A wide range of OSA severity was found [apnoea/ hypopnoea index (AHI): 44.3±30.4, range 0.3-105; sleep time spent at oxyhaemoglobin saturation 2% had higher EPO levels (p<0.05), but not worse nocturnal desaturations, than those with values <2%. By contrast, subjects with IRF <15% showed worse desaturations (p<0.05), but similar EPO concentrations, when compared to subjects whose IRF was <10%. At univariate analysis, reticulocyte count correlated to erythropoietin, while IRF to transferrin saturation, BMI and OSA severity. At multiple regression, only lowest nocturnal oxygen saturation remained a significant contributor to IRF (r2 0.223, p<0.05). Conclusions. This data suggests that hypoxaemia due to OSA could influence the release of immature reticulocytes, but this effect is not mediated by erythropoietin.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

Reticulocytes in untreated Obstructive Sleep Apnoea

Marrone

Salvaggio

Gioia

et al. 2016

Monaldi Arch Chest Dis

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“…Athletes (n = 106) males Controls (n = 73) Coulter LH750; rugby, soccer, alpine ski; before the start of competition season (Banfi et al 2006b) Hb ( Athletes (n = 60) males b Controls (n = 14) b Bayer Advia120; speed skating; during competition season (Mayr et al 2006) Eur J Appl Physiol (2011) 111:9-16 13 Hemocue; rowing; season phase not specified (Johansson et al 2009) all the studies investigating the variations of haematological parameters during the competition season were performed on teams. Therefore, the potential iron dietary deficiency that occurred in some athletes has little influence on mean haematological values, as well as on their variations associated with training and competitions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seasonal variations of haematological parameters in athletes

Banfi

Lundby

Robach³

et al. 2010

Eur J Appl Physiol

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The influence of training and competition workloads is crucial for evaluation of longitudinal haematological data in athletes. There are only a few papers on the variation of haematological parameters during long-lasting periods and, especially, during an entire competitive season. We summarized that some haematological parameters can be influenced by long-term training and competition periods. Haemoglobin (Hb) and haematocrit (Ht) are decreased during the more intense periods of training, throughout the season. In different sport disciplines, the decline of Hb ranges from 3 to 8% during the competition season, while the range of reticulocytes (Ret%) varies from 5 to 21%. Reticulocytes are also decreased after long periods of training and competitions, but their variation is not necessarily associated with that of Hb. The qualitative variations (trend of modifications) of haematological parameters are roughly independent of the sport discipline, but quantitatively (amount of modifications) dependent on sport discipline. The modifications are more evident in cycling, running, swimming than they are in football and rugby. The variations of haematological parameters within the same sport discipline are qualitatively concordant and quantitatively different among separate but consecutive competitive seasons. These findings are described in aerobic and team sports sportsmen. The definition of reliable reference ranges in sportsmen would only be possible by following the best laboratory practices. For antidoping purposes more studies investigating haematological modifications during the season are advisable.

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“…Changes in haematological parameters can be induced by training for specific disciplines, acute effects of exercise, seasonal adaptations and by special training regimes such as endurance or strength training (Schumacher et al 2000;Banfi et al 2006;Di Santolo et al 2008;Dopsaj et al 2008). Athletes, both male and female, who predominantly require an aerobic source of energy, had the largest value of haematological parameters that provide information regarding cell volume as well as the amount of haemoglobin that they contain.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Haematological and iron-related parameters in male and female athletes according to different metabolic energy demands

Milić

Martinović²,

Dopsaj

et al. 2010

Eur J Appl Physiol

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We investigated the iron-related haematological parameters in both male and female athletes participating in different sporting disciplines necessitating different metabolic energy demands. A total of 873 athletes (514 males, mean age: 22.08 ± 4.95 years and 359 females, mean age: 21.38 ± 3.88 years) were divided according to gender and to the predominant energy system required for participation in sport (aerobic, anaerobic or mixed) and haematological and iron-related parameters were measured. For both male and female athletes, significant differences related to the predominant energy system were found at a general level: male (Wilks' λ = 0.798, F = 3.047, p < 0.001) and female (Wilks' λ = 0.762, F = 2.591, p < 0.001). According to the ferritin cutoff value of 35 μg/L, whole body iron and sTfR significantly differed in all three groups of male and female athletes (p < 0.001). The percentage of hypochromic erythrocytes in male athletes was significantly higher only in those who required an anaerobic energy source (p < 0.001), whilst in the females hypochromic erythrocytes (p < 0.001) and haemoglobin (anaerobic, p = 0.042; mixed, p = 0.006) were significantly different only in anaerobic and mixed energy source athletes. According to the ferritin cutoff value of 22 μg/L, in females, whole body iron, sTfR and hypochromic erythrocytes were significantly higher in all three groups of athletes than those below the aforementioned cutoff value (p < 0.001). We conclude that the predominant energy system required for participation in sport affects haematological parameters. sTfR and body iron proved to be reliable parameters for monitoring the dynamics of iron metabolism and could contribute to successful iron-deficiency prevention.

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Reticulocyte count, mean reticulocyte volume, immature reticulocyte fraction, and mean sphered cell volume in elite athletes: reference values and comparison with the general population

Cited by 32 publications

References 21 publications

Reticulocytes in untreated Obstructive Sleep Apnoea

Reticulocytes in untreated Obstructive Sleep Apnoea

Seasonal variations of haematological parameters in athletes

Haematological and iron-related parameters in male and female athletes according to different metabolic energy demands

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