Rethinking Body Ownership in Schizophrenia: Experimental and Meta-analytical Approaches Show no Evidence for Deficits

Shaqiri, Albulena; Roinishvili, Maya; Kaliuzhna, Mariia; Favrod, Ophélie; Chkonia, Eka; Herzog, Michael H.; Blanke, Olaf; Salomon, Roy

doi:10.1093/schbul/sbx098

Cited by 29 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 88 publications

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“…However, it's not clear why they would show a drift further away from their location compared to when hearing someone else's voice. A previous study with a visually-driven experimentally-induced autocopy found no differences between schizophrenic patients and controls in neither self-location nor subjective responses (Shaqiri et al, 2018), while our study is yet to be tested with patients, these results might suggest changes compared to controls that are specific to self-related vocal-acoustic signals.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 70%

The monologue of the double: allocentric reduplication of the own voice alters bodily self perception

Lesur

Bolt

Lenggenhager

2020

Preprint

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During autoscopic phenomena, people perceive a double of themselves in extrapersonal space. Such clinical allocentric self-experiences often co-occur with auditory hallucinations, yet experimental setups to induce similar illusions in healthy participants have been limited to visual doubles. We investigated whether feeling the presence of an auditory double could be provoked in healthy participants and how it might affect spatial aspects of bodily self-consciousness. We recorded the own versus another person’s voice while walking around in the room using binaural headphones from an egocentric and an allocentric perspective. In comparison to listening to their own moving voice egocentrically, when listening to themselves allocentrically, participants reported a strong feeling of a presence with a similarly high degree of self-identification, suggesting a successful induction of the feeling of an acoustic doppelganger. When pointing to the source of the own voice participants localized it closer to themselves than when listening to another person’s voice, suggesting a change in spatial perception. Interestingly, the opposite pattern was found in participants that had previous hallucinatory experiences. These findings show that listening to one’s own voice allocentrically can manipulate bodily self-consciousness and self-related spatial perception. This paradigm enables the experimental study of the relationship between auditory vocal hallucinations and bodily self-consciousness, bridging important clinical phenomena and experimental knowledge.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 70%

The monologue of the double: allocentric reduplication of the own voice alters bodily self perception

Lesur

Bolt

Lenggenhager

2020

Preprint

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“…Considered together, rubber hand illusion studies published to date thus support a diametric nature to rubber hand illusion susceptibility and strength in autism compared with psychotic-affective disorders. This hypothesis can be evaluated further by (i) including individuals on the autism spectrum, and the psychotic-affective spectrum, in the same rubber hand study, (ii) determining the degree to which the neurological and hormonal mechanisms of rubber hand effects also demonstrate diametric patterns, (iii) analysing in more detail the interpretation of verbal self-report, compared with proprioceptive drift based, measures of illusion presence and strength, and (iv) conducting studies of related bodily illusions, such as the full body illusion, in subjects with schizophrenia and autism; recent studies show that autism involves reduced effects of this illusion (as well as reduced peripersonal space) [121], though schizophrenia does not involve altered effects compared with controls [122]. Animal models should also be useful for additional tests, given the recent development of a ‘rubber tail illusion’ protocol in mice [123], for which autism-model knockout mice show reduced illusion effects compared with wild - types.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Autism and psychosis as diametrical disorders of embodiment

Crespi

Dinsdale

2019

Evolution, Medicine, and Public Health

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Humans have evolved an elaborate system of self-consciousness, self-identity, self-agency, and self-embodiment that is grounded in specific neurological structures including an expanded insula. Instantiation of the bodily self has been most-extensively studied via the ‘rubber hand illusion’, whereby parallel stimulation of a hidden true hand, and a viewed false hand, leads to the felt belief that the false hand is one’s own. Autism and schizophrenia have both long been regarded as conditions centrally involving altered development of the self, but they have yet to be compared directly with regard to the self and embodiment. Here we synthesize the embodied cognition literature for these and related conditions, and describe evidence that these two sets of disorders exhibit opposite susceptibilities from typical individuals to the rubber hand illusion: reduced on the autism spectrum and increased in schizophrenia and other psychotic-affective conditions. Moreover, the opposite illusion effects are mediated by a consilient set of associated phenomena, including empathy, interoception, anorexia risk and phenotypes, and patterns of genetic correlation. Taken together, these findings: (1) support the diametric model of autism and psychotic-affective disorders, (2) implicate the adaptive human system of self-embodiment, and its neural bases, in neurodevelopmental disorders, and suggest new therapies, and (3) experimentally-ground bayesian predictive coding models with regard to autism compared to psychosis.

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“…For example, in somatoparaphrenia following focal brain damage, there may be a feeling that one's hand belongs to the self [5], [6] while damage to other brain regions may cause a loss of the sense of agency (but not hand ownership), as found in the so-called alien hand syndrome [7]- [9]. Similarly, in psychiatric conditions that cause alterations in the sense of self, there are conditions in which a dissociative experience of body ownership is a central symptom, as found in depersonalization [10], whereas schizophrenia patients experience a loss of agency [11]- [13] while body ownership is intact [14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modulation of Bodily Self-Consciousness by Self and External Touch

Hara

Kanayama

Blanke

et al. 2021

IEEE Trans. Haptics

Self Cite

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The full body illusion (FBI) is a bodily illusion based on the application of multisensory conflicts that induce changes in bodily self-consciousness (BSC). This has been used to study cognitive brain mechanisms underlying body ownership and related aspects of self-consciousness. Typically, such paradigms employ external passive multisensory stimulation, thus neglecting the possible contributions of self-generated action and haptic cues to body ownership. In this study, the effects of both external and voluntary self-touch on BSC were examined with a robotics-based FBI paradigm. We compared the effects of classical passive visuotactile stimulation and active self-touch (in which experimental participants had a sense of agency over the tactile stimulation) on the FBI. We evaluated these effects using a questionnaire, crossmodal congruency task, and measurements of changes in self-location. The results indicated that both synchronous passive visuotactile stimulation and synchronous active self-touch induced illusory ownership over a virtual body, without significant differences in their magnitudes. However, the FBI induced by active self-touch was associated with a larger drift in self-location towards the virtual body. These results show that movement-related signals arising from self-touch impact the BSC not only for hand ownership but also for torso-centered body ownership and related aspects of BSC. Index Terms-Full body illusion, sense of body ownership, sense of agency, active self-touch, cognetics.

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Rethinking Body Ownership in Schizophrenia: Experimental and Meta-analytical Approaches Show no Evidence for Deficits

Cited by 29 publications

References 88 publications

The monologue of the double: allocentric reduplication of the own voice alters bodily self perception

The monologue of the double: allocentric reduplication of the own voice alters bodily self perception

Autism and psychosis as diametrical disorders of embodiment

Modulation of Bodily Self-Consciousness by Self and External Touch

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