Retention of fluid and particles in the digestive tract of the llama (Lama guanacoe f. glama)

Heller, Rasmus; Cercasov, V.; Engelhardt, W

doi:10.1016/0300-9629(86)90710-3

Cited by 32 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…For example, in Bactrian camels the MRTs measured in the GIT by Cahill and McBride (1995) were 50-80 % longer than the ones measured in the present study (MRT solute GIT: 50 vs. 34 h; MRT 2mm GIT: 85 vs. 47 h). In the llamas, MRT solute GIT and MRT 2mm GIT data from Heller et al (1986a) exceeded the ones measured in the present study by approximately 30 %. These differences might well be explained by differences in the food intake level, as described for Bactrian camels by Cahill and McBride (1995), which influence MRT within and across species .…”

Section: Differences Between Camelid Speciesmentioning

confidence: 57%

Digesta retention patterns of solute and different-sized particles in camelids compared with ruminants and other foregut fermenters

Dittmann

Runge²,

Ortmann

et al. 2015

J Comp Physiol B

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The mean retention time (MRT) of solute or particles in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) and the forestomach (FS) are crucial determinants of digestive physiology in herbivores. Besides ruminants, camelids are the only herbivores that have evolved rumination as an obligatory physiological process consisting of repeated mastication of large food particles, which requires a particle sorting mechanism in the FS. Differences between camelids and ruminants have hardly been investigated so far. In this study we measured MRTs of solute and differently-sized particles (2, 10, and 20 mm), and the ratio of large-to-small particle MRT, i.e., the selectivity factors (SF10/2mm, SF20/2mm, SF20/10mm), in three camelid species: alpacas (Vicugna pacos), llamas (Llama glama), and Bactrian camels (Camelus bactrianus). The camelid data were compared with literature data from ruminants and non-ruminant foregut fermenters (NRFF). Camelids and ruminants both had higher SF10/2mmFS than NRFF, suggesting convergence in the function of the FS sorting mechanism in contrast to NRFF, in which such a sorting mechanism is absent. The SF20/10mmFS did not differ between ruminants and camelids, indicating that there is a particle size threshold of about 1 cm in both suborders above which particle retention is not increased. Camelids did not differ from ruminants in MRT2mmFS, MRTsoluteFS and the ratio MRT2mmFS/MRTsoluteFS, but they were more similar to 'cattle-' than to 'moose-type' ruminants. Camelids had higher SF10/2mmFS and higher SF20/2mmFS than ruminants, indicating a potentially slower particle sorting in camelids than in ruminants, with larger particles being retained longer in relation to small particles. sorting mechanism in contrast to NRFF, in which such a sorting mechanism is absent. The SF 20/10mm FS did not differ between ruminants and camelids, indicating that there is a particle size threshold of about 1 cm in both suborders above which particle retention is not increased. Camelids did not differ from ruminants in MRT 2mm FS, MRT solute FS, and the ratio MRT 2mm FS/MRT solute FS, but they were more similar to 'cattle-' than to 'moose-type' ruminants. Camelids had higher SF 10/2mm FS and higher SF 20/2mm FS than ruminants, indicating a potentially slower particle sorting in camelids than in ruminants, with larger particles being retained longer in relation to small particles.

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Section: Differences Between Camelid Speciesmentioning

confidence: 57%

Digesta retention patterns of solute and different-sized particles in camelids compared with ruminants and other foregut fermenters

Dittmann

Runge²,

Ortmann

et al. 2015

J Comp Physiol B

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“…Digesta MRT through the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) was determined with 2-mm particles either labelled with Ce, La or Cr. Markers were prepared according to Udén et al (1980) and Heller et al (1986). Preparation and analytical procedures are described in detail elsewhere (Schwarm et al 2008).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Digesta retention time in roe deer Capreolus capreolus, as measured with cerium-, lanthanum- and chromium-mordanted fibre

et al. 2010

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Digesta retention time in roe deer Capreolus capreolus, as measured with cerium-, lanthanum-and chromium-mordanted fibre AbstractStudies on particle retention time in ruminants are commonly conducted utilizing chromium (Cr) and/or a lanthanide bound to feeds. Both types of markers have different chemical properties which potentially bias estimates of digesta retention-their combined use is therefore a topic of ongoing discussion. In order to evaluate the suitability of two lanthanides for studies assessing the passage kinetics of different-sized particles, we measured the mean retention time in roe deer with cerium (Ce) and lanthanum (La) labelled to the same particle length and compared it to Cr-mordanted fibre of the same size. We expected a simultaneous excretion of Ce-and La-labelled fibre, but a delayed excretion of Cr-mordanted fibre compared to the other markers. In this study, the mean retention times of Ce-and La-labelled fibre did not differ significantly, and Cr-mordanted fibre was retained on average 5 h longer than Ce and La. Despite the limitation of the small sample size, Ce and La showed the same excretion pattern and can therefore be recommended as mordants in studies assessing passage kinetics of different particle sizes. Studies on digesta particle passage in ruminants are commonly conducted utilizing chromium 17 (Cr) and/or a lanthanide bound to feeds. Both types of markers have different chemical 18 properties which potentially bias estimates of digesta retention time -their combined use is 19 therefore a topic of ongoing discussion. In order to evaluate the suitability of two lanthanides 20 for studies assessing the passage kinetics of different-sized particles, we measured the mean 21 retention time in roe deer with cerium (Ce) and lanthanum (La) labelled to the same particle 22 length, and compared it to Cr-mordanted fibre of the same size. We expected a simultaneous 23 excretion of Ce-and La-labelled fibre, but a delayed excretion of Cr-mordanted fibre 24 compared to the other markers. In this study, the mean retention times of Ce-and La-labelled 25 fibre did not differ significantly, and Cr-mordanted fibre was retained on average 5 hours 26 2 longer than Ce and La. Despite the limitation of the small sample size, Ce and La showed the 27 same excretion pattern and can therefore be recommended as mordants in studies assessing 28 passage kinetics of different particle sizes. 29 30Keywords 31 Ruminant, browser, mean retention time, passage rate, marker 32 33

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“…The forestomach of ruminants and camelids does not only allow a differential excretion of fluids and small particles (Lechner-Doll et al 1990;Clauss et al 2006), but also a differential excretion of small versus large particles (Heller et al 1986;Lirette and Milligan 1989;Cherney et al 1990;Lechner-Doll et al 1990;Schwarm et al 2008); in this process, the selective retention of different-sized particles is not so much a function of particle size per se but a function of particle density (Lechner-Doll et al 1991). This sequence of excretion, with the shortest retention for fluids, followed by small and then by large particles, gives rise to the question if density-mediated excretion is a function of particle size in general, or if a particle size threshold exists above which all longer particles are retained in an undifferentiated manner, irrespective of their size.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

No distinct difference in the excretion of large particles of varying size in a wild ruminant, the banteng (Bos javanicus)

et al. 2009

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Retention of fluid and particles in the digestive tract of the llama (Lama guanacoe f. glama)

Cited by 32 publications

References 27 publications

Digesta retention patterns of solute and different-sized particles in camelids compared with ruminants and other foregut fermenters

Digesta retention patterns of solute and different-sized particles in camelids compared with ruminants and other foregut fermenters

Digesta retention time in roe deer Capreolus capreolus, as measured with cerium-, lanthanum- and chromium-mordanted fibre

No distinct difference in the excretion of large particles of varying size in a wild ruminant, the banteng (Bos javanicus)

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