Retention of aluminium in the tissues of rats after the discontinuation of oral exposure to aluminium

Lethality, accumulation and toxicokinetics of aluminum in some tissues of male albino rats

“…A small fraction of Al becomes systemic through processes that have not yet been elucidated but are believed to involve passive paracellular or transcellular diffusion. An additional and unique carboxylic acid-mediated mechanism enhances gastrointestinal tract absorption by more than an order of magnitude (Domingo, 1995; Greger and Donnaubauer, 1986). As heavy metals, the transport of Al into the intestinal mucosal cells probably follows the first-order kinetics but may be assisted by low-molecular-weight ligands (linear kinetic model), in particular, metalloproteins, although their presence is not obligatory for transport to take place (Reynders et al, 2008).…”

“…Wilhelm et al (1990) noted that calculations of biological half-life of Al were compromised when the postdosage period was too short. Previously, follow-up periods have been 10 h (Greger et al, 1994), 50 h (Yokel and McNamara, 1988), 13 days (Burgess et al, 1992) and 21 days (Greger and Donnaubauer, 1986; Greger et al, 1994). On the other hand, other authors monitored tissue Al concentrations for 45 days (Greger and Radzanowski, 1995) and 113 days (Yokel and McNamara, 1989) after dosing.…”

“…A small fraction of Al becomes systemic through processes that have not yet been elucidated but are believed to involve passive paracellular or transcellular diffusion. An additional and unique carboxylic acidmediated mechanism enhances gastrointestinal tract absorption by more than an order of magnitude (Domingo, 1995;Greger and Donnaubauer, 1986).…”

Lethality, accumulation and toxicokinetics of aluminum in some tissues of male albino rats

“…A small fraction of Al becomes systemic through processes that have not yet been elucidated but are believed to involve passive paracellular or transcellular diffusion. An additional and unique carboxylic acid-mediated mechanism enhances gastrointestinal tract absorption by more than an order of magnitude (Domingo, 1995; Greger and Donnaubauer, 1986). As heavy metals, the transport of Al into the intestinal mucosal cells probably follows the first-order kinetics but may be assisted by low-molecular-weight ligands (linear kinetic model), in particular, metalloproteins, although their presence is not obligatory for transport to take place (Reynders et al, 2008).…”

“…Wilhelm et al (1990) noted that calculations of biological half-life of Al were compromised when the postdosage period was too short. Previously, follow-up periods have been 10 h (Greger et al, 1994), 50 h (Yokel and McNamara, 1988), 13 days (Burgess et al, 1992) and 21 days (Greger and Donnaubauer, 1986; Greger et al, 1994). On the other hand, other authors monitored tissue Al concentrations for 45 days (Greger and Radzanowski, 1995) and 113 days (Yokel and McNamara, 1989) after dosing.…”

“…A small fraction of Al becomes systemic through processes that have not yet been elucidated but are believed to involve passive paracellular or transcellular diffusion. An additional and unique carboxylic acidmediated mechanism enhances gastrointestinal tract absorption by more than an order of magnitude (Domingo, 1995;Greger and Donnaubauer, 1986).…”

Safety Assessment of Alumina and Aluminum Hydroxide as Used in Cosmetics

“…The aluminum content returned to normal levels in the tissues of Sprague Dawley rats within 21 days after oral administration of aluminum hydroxide. 96 In the first study, the rats were fed a control diet containing 26 µg Al/g (n = 5) or 989 µg Al/g (n = 15) for 16 days. All rats were then fed the control diet.…”

“…The aluminum content returned to normal levels in the tissues of Sprague Dawley rats within 21 days after oral administration of aluminum hydroxide. 96 In the first study, the rats were fed a a TWA: The value is for particulate matter containing no asbestos and <1% crystalline silica. b Pesticide exemptions from the requirement of a tolerance: residues of the following materials are exempted from the requirement of a tolerance when used in accordance with good agricultural practice as inert (or occasionally active) ingredients in pesticide formulations applied to growing crops or to raw agricultural commodities after harvest.…”

Lethality, accumulation and toxicokinetics of aluminum in some tissues of male albino rats

“…A small fraction of Al becomes systemic through processes that have not yet been elucidated but are believed to involve passive paracellular or transcellular diffusion. An additional and unique carboxylic acid-mediated mechanism enhances gastrointestinal tract absorption by more than an order of magnitude (Domingo, 1995; Greger and Donnaubauer, 1986). As heavy metals, the transport of Al into the intestinal mucosal cells probably follows the first-order kinetics but may be assisted by low-molecular-weight ligands (linear kinetic model), in particular, metalloproteins, although their presence is not obligatory for transport to take place (Reynders et al, 2008).…”

“…Wilhelm et al (1990) noted that calculations of biological half-life of Al were compromised when the postdosage period was too short. Previously, follow-up periods have been 10 h (Greger et al, 1994), 50 h (Yokel and McNamara, 1988), 13 days (Burgess et al, 1992) and 21 days (Greger and Donnaubauer, 1986; Greger et al, 1994). On the other hand, other authors monitored tissue Al concentrations for 45 days (Greger and Radzanowski, 1995) and 113 days (Yokel and McNamara, 1989) after dosing.…”

“…A small fraction of Al becomes systemic through processes that have not yet been elucidated but are believed to involve passive paracellular or transcellular diffusion. An additional and unique carboxylic acidmediated mechanism enhances gastrointestinal tract absorption by more than an order of magnitude (Domingo, 1995;Greger and Donnaubauer, 1986).…”

Safety Assessment of Alumina and Aluminum Hydroxide as Used in Cosmetics

“…The aluminum content returned to normal levels in the tissues of Sprague Dawley rats within 21 days after oral administration of aluminum hydroxide. 96 In the first study, the rats were fed a control diet containing 26 µg Al/g (n = 5) or 989 µg Al/g (n = 15) for 16 days. All rats were then fed the control diet.…”

“…The aluminum content returned to normal levels in the tissues of Sprague Dawley rats within 21 days after oral administration of aluminum hydroxide. 96 In the first study, the rats were fed a a TWA: The value is for particulate matter containing no asbestos and <1% crystalline silica. b Pesticide exemptions from the requirement of a tolerance: residues of the following materials are exempted from the requirement of a tolerance when used in accordance with good agricultural practice as inert (or occasionally active) ingredients in pesticide formulations applied to growing crops or to raw agricultural commodities after harvest.…”

Lethality, accumulation and toxicokinetics of aluminum in some tissues of male albino rats

“…A small fraction of Al becomes systemic through processes that have not yet been elucidated but are believed to involve passive paracellular or transcellular diffusion. An additional and unique carboxylic acid-mediated mechanism enhances gastrointestinal tract absorption by more than an order of magnitude (Domingo, 1995; Greger and Donnaubauer, 1986). As heavy metals, the transport of Al into the intestinal mucosal cells probably follows the first-order kinetics but may be assisted by low-molecular-weight ligands (linear kinetic model), in particular, metalloproteins, although their presence is not obligatory for transport to take place (Reynders et al, 2008).…”

“…Wilhelm et al (1990) noted that calculations of biological half-life of Al were compromised when the postdosage period was too short. Previously, follow-up periods have been 10 h (Greger et al, 1994), 50 h (Yokel and McNamara, 1988), 13 days (Burgess et al, 1992) and 21 days (Greger and Donnaubauer, 1986; Greger et al, 1994). On the other hand, other authors monitored tissue Al concentrations for 45 days (Greger and Radzanowski, 1995) and 113 days (Yokel and McNamara, 1989) after dosing.…”

“…A small fraction of Al becomes systemic through processes that have not yet been elucidated but are believed to involve passive paracellular or transcellular diffusion. An additional and unique carboxylic acidmediated mechanism enhances gastrointestinal tract absorption by more than an order of magnitude (Domingo, 1995;Greger and Donnaubauer, 1986).…”

Safety Assessment of Alumina and Aluminum Hydroxide as Used in Cosmetics

“…The aluminum content returned to normal levels in the tissues of Sprague Dawley rats within 21 days after oral administration of aluminum hydroxide. 96 In the first study, the rats were fed a control diet containing 26 µg Al/g (n = 5) or 989 µg Al/g (n = 15) for 16 days. All rats were then fed the control diet.…”

“…The aluminum content returned to normal levels in the tissues of Sprague Dawley rats within 21 days after oral administration of aluminum hydroxide. 96 In the first study, the rats were fed a a TWA: The value is for particulate matter containing no asbestos and <1% crystalline silica. b Pesticide exemptions from the requirement of a tolerance: residues of the following materials are exempted from the requirement of a tolerance when used in accordance with good agricultural practice as inert (or occasionally active) ingredients in pesticide formulations applied to growing crops or to raw agricultural commodities after harvest.…”