Retail pharmacies in developing countries: A behavior and intervention framework

Practice and attitudes regarding the management of childhood diarrhoea among pharmacies in Thailand

“…Accordingly, consideration of patients' health, such as cost‐effectiveness or adverse drug reactions, may be ignored. The strong determinant of intention to dispense ORS, antibiotics and combined drugs was belief in cure of medication and this finding is in accordance with the review by Goel et al [8] . The finding is useful in changing pharmacy providers' practice.…”

“…Therefore, commercial interest was a potential factor in the choice of medication, as reported by Kroeger et al [27] Accordingly, consideration of patients' health, such as costeffectiveness or adverse drug reactions, may be ignored. The strong determinant of intention to dispense ORS, antibiotics and combined drugs was belief in cure of medication and this finding is in accordance with the review by Goel et al [8] The finding is useful in changing pharmacy providers' practice. However, other motivation factors such as economic incentives, competition or location should be assessed in further research.…”

Practice and attitudes regarding the management of childhood diarrhoea among pharmacies in Thailand

“…Accordingly, consideration of patients' health, such as cost‐effectiveness or adverse drug reactions, may be ignored. The strong determinant of intention to dispense ORS, antibiotics and combined drugs was belief in cure of medication and this finding is in accordance with the review by Goel et al [8] . The finding is useful in changing pharmacy providers' practice.…”

“…Therefore, commercial interest was a potential factor in the choice of medication, as reported by Kroeger et al [27] Accordingly, consideration of patients' health, such as costeffectiveness or adverse drug reactions, may be ignored. The strong determinant of intention to dispense ORS, antibiotics and combined drugs was belief in cure of medication and this finding is in accordance with the review by Goel et al [8] The finding is useful in changing pharmacy providers' practice. However, other motivation factors such as economic incentives, competition or location should be assessed in further research.…”

Factors driving customers to seek health care from pharmacies for acute respiratory illness and treatment recommendations from drug sellers in Dhaka city, Bangladesh

“……”

Knowledge, attitudes and practices regarding antimicrobial use and resistance among communities of Ilala, Kilosa and Kibaha districts of Tanzania

“…The frequent sources of antimicrobials reported were the healthcare facility and pharmacies/basic drugs shop, which is similar to the findings reported elsewhere [10,39,55]. Retail pharmacies have emerged as the primary level of outpatient care in Africa leading to use of antimicrobials without consultation, confirmatory diagnosis or prescription [16,17]. Pharmacies [55] and healthcare facilities [56,57] sources of antimicrobials associated with increased use in the community.…”

Practice and attitudes regarding the management of childhood diarrhoea among pharmacies in Thailand

“…Accordingly, consideration of patients' health, such as cost‐effectiveness or adverse drug reactions, may be ignored. The strong determinant of intention to dispense ORS, antibiotics and combined drugs was belief in cure of medication and this finding is in accordance with the review by Goel et al [8] . The finding is useful in changing pharmacy providers' practice.…”

“…Therefore, commercial interest was a potential factor in the choice of medication, as reported by Kroeger et al [27] Accordingly, consideration of patients' health, such as costeffectiveness or adverse drug reactions, may be ignored. The strong determinant of intention to dispense ORS, antibiotics and combined drugs was belief in cure of medication and this finding is in accordance with the review by Goel et al [8] The finding is useful in changing pharmacy providers' practice. However, other motivation factors such as economic incentives, competition or location should be assessed in further research.…”

Factors driving customers to seek health care from pharmacies for acute respiratory illness and treatment recommendations from drug sellers in Dhaka city, Bangladesh

“……”

Knowledge, attitudes and practices regarding antimicrobial use and resistance among communities of Ilala, Kilosa and Kibaha districts of Tanzania

“…The frequent sources of antimicrobials reported were the healthcare facility and pharmacies/basic drugs shop, which is similar to the findings reported elsewhere [10,39,55]. Retail pharmacies have emerged as the primary level of outpatient care in Africa leading to use of antimicrobials without consultation, confirmatory diagnosis or prescription [16,17]. Pharmacies [55] and healthcare facilities [56,57] sources of antimicrobials associated with increased use in the community.…”

Practice and attitudes regarding the management of childhood diarrhoea among pharmacies in Thailand

“…Accordingly, consideration of patients' health, such as cost‐effectiveness or adverse drug reactions, may be ignored. The strong determinant of intention to dispense ORS, antibiotics and combined drugs was belief in cure of medication and this finding is in accordance with the review by Goel et al [8] . The finding is useful in changing pharmacy providers' practice.…”

“…Therefore, commercial interest was a potential factor in the choice of medication, as reported by Kroeger et al [27] Accordingly, consideration of patients' health, such as costeffectiveness or adverse drug reactions, may be ignored. The strong determinant of intention to dispense ORS, antibiotics and combined drugs was belief in cure of medication and this finding is in accordance with the review by Goel et al [8] The finding is useful in changing pharmacy providers' practice. However, other motivation factors such as economic incentives, competition or location should be assessed in further research.…”

Factors driving customers to seek health care from pharmacies for acute respiratory illness and treatment recommendations from drug sellers in Dhaka city, Bangladesh

“……”

Knowledge, attitudes and practices regarding antimicrobial use and resistance among communities of Ilala, Kilosa and Kibaha districts of Tanzania

“…The frequent sources of antimicrobials reported were the healthcare facility and pharmacies/basic drugs shop, which is similar to the findings reported elsewhere [10,39,55]. Retail pharmacies have emerged as the primary level of outpatient care in Africa leading to use of antimicrobials without consultation, confirmatory diagnosis or prescription [16,17]. Pharmacies [55] and healthcare facilities [56,57] sources of antimicrobials associated with increased use in the community.…”