Resurgence in Siamese fighting fish, Betta splendens

Silva, Stephanie P. da; Cançado, Carlos R. X.; Lattal, Kennon A.

doi:10.1016/j.beproc.2014.01.004

Cited by 18 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…In a final (test) phase, extinction is introduced for R2 and the rat emits R1 again. Resurgence was first studied in animals (e.g., Leitenberg, Rawson, & Bath, 1970), and has since been documented across several responses and species (e.g., da Silva, Cançado, & Lattal, 2014; Lieving & Lattal, 2003; Mulick, Leitenberg, & Rawson, 1976; Nevin et al, 2016). Several authors have suggested that studying resurgence in the laboratory can uncover processes that are relevant for understanding relapse after clinical intervention in humans (e.g., Bouton, 2014; Kestner & Peterson, 2017).…”

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confidence: 99%

Resurgence in humans: Reducing relapse by increasing generalization between treatment and testing.

Thrailkill¹,

Ameden

Bouton

2019

Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Learning and Cogniti

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Resurgence is the increase in performance of an extinguished instrumental (operant) response that accompanies the extinction of a response that has been reinforced to replace it. Resurgence may involve processes that are relevant for understanding relapse in applied and clinical settings. While resurgence is known to be a robust phenomenon in human operant extinction, the processes that control it remain unclear. Here we asked whether human resurgence is controlled by processes that are similar to those that have been identified in animals by asking whether two methods that reduce resurgence in animals also reduce it in humans. Participants first learned to make an operant response (R1) for a tangible food reinforcer (O1). In a second phase (Phase 2), R1 was extinguished while a second response (R2) was introduced and reinforced with a virtual monetary reward (USD $0.10 coins; O2). In a test phase, extinction was then introduced for R2 and resurgence of R1 was assessed. In Experiment 1, resurgence that occurred after the treatment just described was attenuated if there had been periodic exposure to R2 extinction during the treatment phase (Phase 2). In Experiment 2, resurgence was prevented when O2, but not O1, was presented noncontingently during the test. The results are among the first to suggest a mechanism underlying resurgence in humans, namely, renewal caused by contextual change. They also provide initial evidence to suggest that resurgence may be the result of common processes in animals and humans.

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confidence: 99%

Resurgence in humans: Reducing relapse by increasing generalization between treatment and testing.

Thrailkill¹,

Ameden

Bouton

2019

Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Learning and Cogniti

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“…Resurgence occurred when target responding reappeared despite no longer being reinforced in Phase 3. Resurgence has been demonstrated in a wide range of organisms and experimental preparations, including fish (da Silva, Cançado, & Lattal, 2014;Kuroda, Mizutani, Cançado, & Podlesnik, 2017), rats (e.g., Craig & Shahan, 2016;Podlesnik, Jimenez-Gomez, & Shahan, 2006), pigeons (e.g., Bai, Cowie, & Podlesnik, 2017), monkeys (Mulick, Leitenberg, & Rawson, 1977), and humans (e.g., Kuroda, Cançado, & Podlesnik, 2016).…”

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confidence: 99%

Assessing the combined effects of resurgence and reinstatement in children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder

Liggett

Nastri

Podlesnik

2018

J Exper Analysis Behavior

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Resurgence and reinstatement are laboratory models of relapse following treatments for problem behavior that arrange alternative sources of reinforcement, such as differential reinforcement of alternative behavior and noncontingent reinforcement. Resurgence models the elimination or reduction of reinforcers during treatment and reinstatement models the re-presentation of reinforcers previously maintaining problem behavior. The present study examined individual and combined effects of resurgence and reinstatement in a translational model of treatment relapse with three children diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorder. We first reinforced and then extinguished an arbitrary response while providing access to a preferred toy to model a version of noncontingent reinforcement with extinction. In the following phases, we examined resurgence by removing the toy, reinstatement by presenting the training reinforcer response-independently, and a combination of resurgence and reinstatement. Overall, relapse of target responding reliably exceeded functionally similar responses never reinforced in the experimental situation. Most importantly, relapse tended to be greater when combining resurgence and reinstatement than when assessing either alone. These findings support previous studies showing that combinations of operations can increase treatment relapse. This translational model arranging simulated problem behavior with arbitrary tasks provides a platform from which to thoroughly and systematically assess methods for understanding and improving behavioral treatments.

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“…The primary evidence that the original learning is retained comes from a large collection of literature showing that behavior returns after extinction (see , for a review). A variety of methods have been used to reveal the return of extinguished operant behavior in species ranging from fish, rats, and pigeons, to typical and developmentally delayed humans (see Bouton & King, 1983;da Silva, Cançado, & Lattal, 2014;Epstein, 1985;Kuroda, Cançado, & Podlesnik, 2016;Podlesnik & Shahan, 2009Spradlin, Fixsen, & Girarbeau, 1969;Winterbauer & Bouton, 2010). Moreover, each method has been used to represent an environmental condition influencing the likelihood of treatment relapse in clinical situations.…”

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confidence: 99%

Quantitative analysis of local-level resurgence

2016

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Resurgence is the recurrence of a previously reinforced and then extinguished behavior induced by the extinction of another more recently reinforced behavior. Resurgence provides insight into behavioral processes relevant to treatment relapse of a range of problem behaviors. Resurgence is typically studied across three phases: (1) reinforcement of a target response, (2) extinction of the target and concurrent reinforcement of an alternative response, and (3) extinction of the alternative response, resulting in the recurrence of target responding. Because each phase typically occurs successively and spans multiple sessions, extended time frames separate the training and resurgence of target responding. This study assessed resurgence more dynamically and throughout ongoing training in 6 pigeons. Baseline entailed 50-s trials of a freeoperant psychophysical procedure, resembling Phases 1 and 2 of typical resurgence procedures. During the first 25 s, we reinforced target (left-key) responding but not alternative (right-key) responding; contingencies reversed during the second 25 s. Target and alternative responding followed the baseline reinforcement contingencies, with alternative responding replacing target responding across the 50 s. We observed resurgence of target responding during signaled and unsignaled probes that extended trial durations an additional 100 s in extinction. Furthermore, resurgence was greater and/or sooner when probes were signaled, suggesting an important role of discriminating transitions to extinction in resurgence. The data were well described by an extension of a stimulus-control model of discrimination that assumes resurgence is the result of generalization of obtained reinforcers across space and time. Therefore, the present findings introduce novel methods and quantitative analyses for assessing behavioral processes underlying resurgence.

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Resurgence in Siamese fighting fish, Betta splendens

Cited by 18 publications

References 24 publications

Resurgence in humans: Reducing relapse by increasing generalization between treatment and testing.

Resurgence in humans: Reducing relapse by increasing generalization between treatment and testing.

Assessing the combined effects of resurgence and reinstatement in children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder

Quantitative analysis of local-level resurgence

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