Restoration of dysbiotic human gut microbiome for homeostasis

Dixit, Kunal; Chaudhari, Diptaraj; Dhotre, Dhiraj; Shouche, Yogesh S.; Saroj, Sunil D.

doi:10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119622

Cited by 53 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 140 publications

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“…CS nanoparticle (NP; diameter (d) ≈ 50 nm, built with CS with DA = 5% and Mw = 220 kDa through undisclosed methodology) intake exerted a positive influence over the composition of colonic micro-biota of weaned pigs [23]. Gut dysbiosis enables pathogens to dominate the gut, mostly bacteria [24]. Hence, it is worth mentioning that CS's antibacterial activity is particularly interesting.…”

Section: Chitosanmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bioactivity of Chitosan-Based Particles Loaded with Plant-Derived Extracts for Biomedical Applications: Emphasis on Antimicrobial Fiber-Based Systems

et al. 2021

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Marine-derived chitosan (CS) is a cationic polysaccharide widely studied for its bioactivity, which is mostly attached to its primary amine groups. CS is able to neutralize reactive oxygen species (ROS) from the microenvironments in which it is integrated, consequently reducing cell-induced oxidative stress. It also acts as a bacterial peripheral layer hindering nutrient intake and interacting with negatively charged outer cellular components, which lead to an increase in the cell permeability or to its lysis. Its biocompatibility, biodegradability, ease of processability (particularly in mild conditions), and chemical versatility has fueled CS study as a valuable matrix component of bioactive small-scaled organic drug-delivery systems, with current research also showcasing CS’s potential within tridimensional sponges, hydrogels and sutures, blended films, nanofiber sheets and fabric coatings. On the other hand, renewable plant-derived extracts are here emphasized, given their potential as eco-friendly radical scavengers, microbicidal agents, or alternatives to antibiotics, considering that most of the latter have induced bacterial resistance because of excessive and/or inappropriate use. Loading them into small-scaled particles potentiates a strong and sustained bioactivity, and a controlled release, using lower doses of bioactive compounds. A pH-triggered release, dependent on CS’s protonation/deprotonation of its amine groups, has been the most explored stimulus for that control. However, the use of CS derivatives, crosslinking agents, and/or additional stabilization processes is enabling slower release rates, following extract diffusion from the particle matrix, which can find major applicability in fiber-based systems within ROS-enriched microenvironments and/or spiked with microbes. Research on this is still in its infancy. Yet, the few published studies have already revealed that the composition, along with an adequate drug release rate, has an important role in controlling an existing infection, forming new tissue, and successfully closing a wound. A bioactive finishing of textiles has also been promoting high particle infiltration, superior washing durability, and biological response.

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Section: Chitosanmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bioactivity of Chitosan-Based Particles Loaded with Plant-Derived Extracts for Biomedical Applications: Emphasis on Antimicrobial Fiber-Based Systems

et al. 2021

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“…Damage to the microbiome can occur via high fat or sugary diets, toxic food additives (e.g., emulsifiers), toxic environmental chemicals (e,g., pesticides) and even microbe-damaging drugs (e.g., proton pump inhibitors). Of course, incompleteness of or damage to the human microbiome predictably leads to immune-inflicted damage to our bodies [9,10].…”

Section: The Immune System and Superorganism Integritymentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbiome First Medicine in Health and Safety

Dietert¹

2021

Preprint

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Microbiome First Medicine is a suggested 21st century healthcare paradigm that prioritizes the entire human, the human superorganism, beginning with the microbiome. To date, much of medicine has protected and treated patients as if they were a single species. This has resulted in unintended damage to the microbiome and an epidemic of chronic disorders [e.g., noncommunicable diseases and conditions (NCDs)]. Along with NCDs came loss of colonization re-sistance, increased susceptibility to infectious diseases, and increasing multimorbidity and polypharmacy over the life course. To move toward sustainable healthcare, the human micro-biome needs to be front and center. This paper presents microbiome-human physiology from the view of systems biology regulation. It also details the ongoing NCD epidemic including the role of existing drugs and other factors that damage the human microbiome. Examples are provided for two entryway NCDs, asthma and obesity, regarding their extensive network of comorbid NCDs. Finally, the challenges of ensuring safety for the microbiome are detailed. Under Microbiome First Medicine and considering the importance of keystone bacteria and critical windows of development, changes in even a few microbiota-prioritized medical decisions could make a significant difference in health across the life course.

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“…Clearly, site-specific nuances exist – including in their microbiome - but for this mini-review, the term is used broadly. The gut microbiome evolves and diversifies throughout life depending on the type of birth, diet, lifestyle, geographic factors and medications ( Fiorentini et al., 2020 ; Dixit et al., 2021 ). The impact of diet and the microbiota on CRC is evidenced by data showing that mice fed a high fat diet leading to changes in their microbial communities have more disease ( Yang et al., 2021 ).…”

Section: Contribution Of the Microbiota To Crcmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, early colonization with genotoxic strains of E. coli decreases the protective oral tolerance response which may explain their ability to increase inflammation ( Secher et al., 2015 ). Other species of bacteria create a dysbiosis that favors inflammation making some people more susceptible to diseases such as IBD ( Chu et al., 2016 ; Dheer et al., 2020 ; Rengarajan et al., 2020 ; Torres et al., 2020 ; Dixit et al., 2021 ; Galipeau et al., 2021 ) – and by extension, increases their risk of CRC ( Figure 1B ). Inflammation in these models may be driven by the loss of bacteria that synthesize anti-inflammatory metabolites, such as short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) ( Sommer et al., 2017 ; Zhao and Elson, 2018 ); or by the increase in bacteria producing pro-inflammatory molecules.…”

Section: Contribution Of the Microbiota To Crcmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Other causes of chronic inflammation in the digestive tract are associated with cancer including: duodenal tumors with unmanaged or refractory celiac disease ( Sharaiha et al., 2012 ); and inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) leading to colorectal cancer (CRC) ( Irrazabal et al., 2020 ; Zouggar et al., 2020 ). IBD has been associated with dysbiosis ( Elson and Cong, 2012 ; Winter et al., 2013 ; Schaubeck et al., 2015 ; Honda and Littman, 2016 ; Dixit et al., 2021 ) that favors inflammation and enhances the presence of genotoxic strains of bacteria that impart DNA damage ( Arthur et al., 2012 ). Thus, the host response is inextricably linked to the host’s microbiome with both factors contributing to health or disease, including CRC.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Microbial-Driven Immunological Memory and Its Potential Role in Microbiome Editing for the Prevention of Colorectal Cancer

Campillo-Gimenez

Ríos-Covián

Rivera–Nieves

et al. 2021

Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol.

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Over the last several years, many advances have been made in understanding the role of bacteria in the pathogenesis of gastrointestinal cancers. Beginning with Helicobacter pylori being recognized as the first bacterial carcinogen and the causative agent of most gastric cancers, more recent studies have examined the role of enteric microbes in colorectal cancer. In the digestive tract, these communities are numerous and have a complex interrelationship with local immune/inflammatory responses that impact the health of the host. As modifying the microbiome in the stomach has decreased the risk of gastric cancer, modifying the distal microbiome may decrease the risk of colorectal cancers. To date, very few studies have considered the notion that mucosal lymphocyte-dependent immune memory may confound attempts to change the microbial components in these communities. The goal of this review is to consider some of the factors impacting host-microbial interactions that affect colorectal cancer and raise questions about how immune memory responses to the local microbial consortium affect any attempt to modify the composition of the intestinal microbiome.

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Restoration of dysbiotic human gut microbiome for homeostasis

Cited by 53 publications

References 140 publications

Bioactivity of Chitosan-Based Particles Loaded with Plant-Derived Extracts for Biomedical Applications: Emphasis on Antimicrobial Fiber-Based Systems

Bioactivity of Chitosan-Based Particles Loaded with Plant-Derived Extracts for Biomedical Applications: Emphasis on Antimicrobial Fiber-Based Systems

Microbiome First Medicine in Health and Safety

Microbial-Driven Immunological Memory and Its Potential Role in Microbiome Editing for the Prevention of Colorectal Cancer

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