Resting and post‐exercise serum biomarkers of cardiac and skeletal muscle damage in adolescent runners

Abstract

This study examined the response of serum biomarkers of cardiac and skeletal muscle damage at rest and after a routine workout of 21 km run in 12 male adolescent (16.2±0.6 years) long-distance runners. Biomarkers of cardiac [troponins (cTnT, cTnI), creatine kinase MB mass (CK-Mbmass)] and skeletal muscle [creatine kinase (CK), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase (HBD)] damage were assayed at rest, 2, 4 and 24 h post-exercise. At rest, cTnT and cTnI were not detectable; however, CK, CK-MBmass, AST, ALT and HBD were above corresponding clinical cut-off values. Post-exercise significant elevations above rest were observed for all biomarkers, except ALT, 2 and 4 h following the run, and remained elevated in cTnI, CK, CK-MBmass, LDH and AST 24 h post-workout. A significant increase in data points above clinical cut-off values from rest to post-exercise was reported for cTnT, cTnI and CK at 2 and 4 h, and in cTnI and CK 24 h post-exercise. In conclusion, a 21 km run in adolescent runners increased post-exercise biomarkers of cardiac and skeletal muscle damage.

Cardiac troponin I release after a basketball match in elite, amateur and junior players

“…Some caution should be expressed in this comment based on the small, but statistically significant, differences in CV work undertaken during exercise in PBA when compared to JBA as well as that if you compare JBA to ABA (still a biological age comparison with similar weekly training volumes) then a difference is noted with JBA exhibiting a larger response than older ABA. This comparison compares more favorably to past work assessing the impact of biological age on post-exercise cTn appearance [18,19,24,25]. The complex interaction here of biological age, training volume and elite athlete status is complex to "un-pick" and requires further work.…”

“…Nevertheless, the influence of training level on cTn release has not yet been evaluated in a controlled study with disparate groups in terms of training or athletic status. Evidence to date also suggests increased cTn appearance after exercise in adolescent athletes, possibly due to their immature cardiac muscle [9,18,19,24,25], although only Tian et al [9] directly compared adult and adolescent athletes in a controlled study. Currently, it is unknown if the cTn response to intermittent exercise is similar in adults and adolescents.…”

Temporal association of elevations in serum cardiac troponin T and myocardial oxidative stress after prolonged exercise in rats

“…Numerous reports on animals (Chen et al 2000) and humans (Nie et al 2008;Scharhag et al 2008;Shave et al 2007) have observed elevated serum cTnT/cTnI after prolonged exercises that can exceed clinical cut-off value for acute myocardial infarction (Nie et al 2010;Shave et al 2007). The appearance of cTnT/cTnI in apparently healthy, young people participating in prolonged exercise has raised concerns about the cardiovascular health consequences of such exercise (La Gerche and Prior 2007), and this predicates the need to determine why and how these elevations occur.…”

Risk of Single Appraisal in Complex Environment: Physical and Perceived Stress in Military Training on Amazon Jungle

“…Nieoet al 13 mentioning that significant increases in concentrations of CK and LDH after training suggest accumulation of fatigue caused by daily exercise and physical unsuitability to it, confirming the risk of muscle injury.…”