Responses of photosynthesis, chlorophyll fluorescence, and grain yield of maize to controlled‐release urea and irrigation after anthesis

GuoQing, Shao; Li, Zengjia; Ning, Tangyuan; Zheng, Yu

doi:10.1002/jpln.201100185

Cited by 45 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Shao et al [44] found a significant positive coupling effect between N and water on maize yield. In our study, there were significant interactions between water and CRU on increasing maize yield and improving N utilization rates.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of controlled release urea on maize yield and nitrogen use efficiency under different water conditions

Zhao

Dong

et al. 2017

PLoS ONE

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Controlled release urea (CRU) has been widely adopted to increase nitrogen (N) use efficiency and maize production, but the impacts can range widely depending on water availability in the soil. In an experiment using Zhengdan 958 (a popular summer maize hybrid), three levels of water treatments (adequate water condition [W3], which maintained soil moisture at about 75% ± 5% of the soil’s field capacity; mild water stress [W2], which maintained moisture content at 55% ± 5% of field capacity; and severe water stress [W1], which had a moisture content of 35% ± 5% of field capacity) and four levels of controlled release urea fertilizer (N0, N1, N2 and N3 were 0, 105, 210 and 315 kg N ha–1, respectively) were compared in a rainout shelter system with soil. The results revealed that CRU had significant effects on maize yields and N use efficiencies under different water conditions. The mean yields increased with increasing water levels and showed significant differences. Under W1, the accumulation of dry matter and N were limited, and N internal efficiency (NIE) and the apparent recovery efficiency of applied N (REN) decreased with N increases; yields of N1, N2, and N3 were similar. Under W2, the dry matter and N accumulation, as well as the yield, showed an increasing trend with an increase in N application, and the NIE and REN of N3 showed no difference from N2. Under W3, yields of N2 and N3 were similar and they were significantly higher than that of N1, but the agronomic N use efficiency (ANUE), REN, and the physiological NUE (PNUE) of N2 were 54.2, 34.9, and 14.4% higher, respectively, than those of N3. N application beyond the optimal N rate did not consistently increase maize yield, and caused a decrease in N use efficiencies. Highest overall dry matter, N accumulation, and yields were observed with N3 under W2, and those showed no differences with N2 and N3 under W3. Under this experimental condition, the CRU of 210 kg ha–1 was optimized when soil moisture content was 75% ± 5% of field capacity, but an N rate of 315 kg ha–1 was superior when soil moisture content during the entire growing season was maintained at 55% ± 5% of field capacity.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of controlled release urea on maize yield and nitrogen use efficiency under different water conditions

Zhao

Dong

et al. 2017

PLoS ONE

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“…and ) were increased depending on CRK application in the boll‐opening and maturing stage. The high chlorophyll concentration and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters allowed the increment in P n with sufficient soil K supply ( Shao et al, ). There was a positive linear correlation between plant‐available K and P n rate for the three K sources (Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of controlled‐release potassium fertilizer on available potassium, photosynthetic performance, and yield of cotton

Tian

Zhang

et al. 2017

J. Plant Nutr. Soil Sci.

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Potassium (K) is one of the major mineral elements required for normal growth of cotton. However, understanding the effect of controlled‐release K fertilizer on leaf photosynthesis and K use efficiency (KUE) of cotton is currently limited. A two‐year pot experiment was consecutively conducted in 2014 and 2015 with three kinds of K fertilizer including K2SO4, KCl, and polymer‐coated KCl (CRK), each at four application rates (0.00, 0.86, 1.73, and 2.59 g K plant−1, respectively). For each type of K fertilizer, the yield and K uptake of cotton increased but the KUE decreased with higher K fertilizer application. The release characteristics of K from CRK corresponded well to the K requirements during cotton growth. Plant‐available soil K, as well as leaf SPAD values, net photosynthetic rate (Pn), maximal photochemical efficiency (Fv/Fm), and effective quantum yield of photosystem II (ΦPSII) in CRK treatments were increased after full bloom stage compared to conventional K fertilizers under the same potassium application rate. Consequently, the CRK treatments significantly increased lint cotton yields by 8.1–32.7% and 3.7–20.8%, while the KUE increased by 15.5–54.8% and 14.5–45.4% compared to KCl and K2SO4 treatments, respectively. The results indicate that the application of CRK is intensively recommended to replace conventional potassium fertilizers for gaining greater yields and higher KUE of cotton.

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“…We propose that increases in chlorophyll content arise from resource conservation and increased internal N utilisation efficiency under ureic N assimilation. Shao et al (2013) demonstrated that net photosynthetic rate, chlorophyll concentration and leaf-area index were increased significantly under controlled-release urea (CRU), compared with conventional urea-treated maize plants at grain filling, and produced a higher yield, although this may simply relate to the higher availability of nitrogen per se with reduced degradation. However, Esteban et al (2016) demonstrated experimentally that the biophysical parameters of the photosynthetic apparatus of urea-grown Medicago trunculata plants displayed a dosedependent improvement in energy conservation, which was higher than that observed in nitrate-and ammonium-treated plants.…”

Section: Increased Photosynthesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Stabilising Urea Amine Nitrogen Increases Potato Tuber Yield by Increasing Chlorophyll Content, Reducing Shoot Growth Rate and Increasing Biomass Partitioning to Roots and Tubers

2019

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Much of the nitrogen in crop fertiliser is degraded before acquisition. Technologies that stabilise urea-nitrogen minimise this. Degradation also specifically reduces the amount of ureic amine that many fertilisers initially contain, which is important because this nitrogen form has unique beneficial effects on plants. To investigate mechanisms whereby urea stabilisation increases potato tuber yield, we compare effects of foliar applications of chemically stabilised and non-stabilised urea against industry-standard fertiliser, on the physiology, form and yield of greenhouse-grown Casablanca under identical nitrogen supply. Stabilised urea is tested on Rooster and Shelford yields in Irish and British field trials. Stabilised amine nitrogen (SAN) increases Casablanca leaf relative chlorophyll content and initially reduces shoot growth rate. When harvested shortly after tuber initiation, SAN-treated plants have increased root to shoot weight ratios and we find tight negative correlations between shoot growth rate and root weight: large roots and slow shoot extension occur predominantly in SAN-treated plants. SAN increases ratios between initiation-stage tuber weight and (a) shoot length and (b) shoot growth rate. At a second harvest at mid-bulking, SAN increases highgrade Casablanca tuber yielding. At this later stage, yield correlates positively with shoot weight. In the field, SAN increases Rooster canopy greenness and marketable yields of both Rooster and Shelford. Yield improvements specific to this N form when stabilised are suggested to occur through increased photosynthesis and early-stage increases in root to shoot weight ratio. This phenotype then supports increased bulking-stage shoot growth and shoot-sourced resource for tuber growth. Stabilising urea amine induces high-yielding phenotypes with improved internal nitrogen utilisation efficiencies.

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Responses of photosynthesis, chlorophyll fluorescence, and grain yield of maize to controlled‐release urea and irrigation after anthesis

Cited by 45 publications

References 29 publications

Impact of controlled release urea on maize yield and nitrogen use efficiency under different water conditions

Impact of controlled release urea on maize yield and nitrogen use efficiency under different water conditions

Effects of controlled‐release potassium fertilizer on available potassium, photosynthetic performance, and yield of cotton

Stabilising Urea Amine Nitrogen Increases Potato Tuber Yield by Increasing Chlorophyll Content, Reducing Shoot Growth Rate and Increasing Biomass Partitioning to Roots and Tubers

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