Response Surface Methodology

Dean, Angela; Voss, Daniel; Draguljić, Danel

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-52250-0_16

Cited by 80 publications

(39 citation statements)

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“…The effects of independent variables on Cu extraction rates from leaching of chalcocite were studied using the response surface optimization method [32][33][34][35]. The central composite face (CCF) design and a quadratic model were applied to the experimental design for Cu 2 S leaching.…”

Section: Experimental Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

Leaching of Pure Chalcocite in a Chloride Media Using Sea Water and Waste Water

Toro

Briceño

Pérez

et al. 2019

Metals

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Chalcocite is the most important and abundant secondary copper ore in the world with a rapid dissolution of copper in an acid-chloride environment. In this investigation, the methodology of surface optimization will be applied to evaluate the effect of three independent variables (time, concentration of sulfuric acid and chloride concentration) in the leaching of pure chalcocite to extract the copper with the objective of obtaining a quadratic model that allows us to predict the extraction of copper. The kinetics of copper dissolution in regard to the function of temperature is also analyzed. An ANOVA indicates that the linear variables with the greatest influence are time and the chloride concentration. Also, the concentration of chloride-time exerts a significant synergic effect in the quadratic model. The ANOVA indicates that the quadratic model is representative and the R2 value of 0.92 is valid. The highest copper extraction (67.75%) was obtained at 48 h leaching under conditions of 2 mol/L H2SO4 and 100 g/L chloride. The XRD analysis shows the formation of a stable and non-polluting residue; such as elemental sulfur (S0). This residue was obtained in a leaching time of 4 h at room temperature under conditions of 0.5 mol/L H2SO4 and 50 g/L Cl−.

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Section: Experimental Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

Leaching of Pure Chalcocite in a Chloride Media Using Sea Water and Waste Water

Toro

Briceño

Pérez

et al. 2019

Metals

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“…No significant differences were found among any of the replicate means (p > 0.05), and the data for the different replicates were therefore averaged (Dean & Voss 1999).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Haematological and Biochemical Responses of Juvenile Malabar Blood Snapper (Lutjanus malabaricus Bloch & Schneider, 1801) Exposed to Different Rearing Temperatures and Diets

Mazumder¹

2019

JSM

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This study is conducted to examine the impacts of different rearing temperature and diet variation on haematological and serum biochemical parameters on the juvenile Lutjanus malabaricus, a commercially important fish species in were divided into eight treatments (4 temperatures × 2 diets) each with three replicates of five juveniles each. Fish were subjected to four different rearing temperatures (22, 26, 30 and 34°C) and fed with a commercial pellet and a natural shrimp diet. After 30 days of experimental period, blood samples were collected and transferred into two different tubes from each sample: One containing EDTA as an anticoagulant agent and the other without EDTA for serum collection. All the haematological and biochemical parameters in all the treatments were within the normal range. Changing temperature and diet led to a significant change (p<0.05) in the total length (TL), body weight (BW), red blood cell (RBC), haemoglobin (HB), haematocrit (HC), thrombocyte (TC) and white blood cell (WBC) but the change in mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean cell haemoglobin (MCH) while mean cell haemoglobin concentration (MCHC) were not significant (p>0.05). The fish reared at 26°C and 30°C had significantly higher values than those reared at 22°C and 34°C (p<0.05). Total protein (TP), albumin (ALB), albumin/globin ration (A/G ratio), alkaline phosphatase (AP), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine transaminase (ALT) level were also significantly increased at 30°C and 26°C compared to that of 34°C and 22°C. Globulin (GLB) level showed the opposite trend. In all the cases the performances were higher in shrimp diet than pellet diet. It is suggested that these physiological parameters can be conveniently employed as health monitoring tools in fish culture practices. ABSTRAK Kajian ini dijalankan bagi meneliti impak perbezaan suhu dan variasi diet pada parameter hematologi dan serum biokimia pada juvenil Lutjanus malabaricus, satu spesies ikan komersial penting di Malaysia. Ikan (16-18 cm) dibahagikan kepada lapan rawatan (4 suhu × 2 diet) dan terdapat tiga replikat (5 ikan setiap replikat) bagi setiap rawatan. Ikan terdedah kepada empat suhu yang berbeza (22, 26, 30 dan 34°C) dan diberi makan pelet komersial dan diet udang semula jadi. Selepas 30 hari tempoh uji kaji, sampel darah diambil dan dipindahkan ke dalam dua tiub yang berbeza daripada setiap sampel: satu yang mengandungi EDTA sebagai agen antikoagulan dan yang lain tanpa EDTA untuk pengumpulan serum. Semua parameter hematologi dan biokimia dalam semua rawatan berada dalam julat normal. Perubahan suhu dan diet menyebabkan perubahan ketara (p <0.05) dalam jumlah panjang (TL), berat badan (BW), sel darah merah (RBC), hemoglobin (HB), hematokrit (HC), trombosit (TC) dan sel darah putih (WBC) tetapi perubahan jumlah min korpuskul (MCV), min sel hemoglobin (MCH), manakala nilai min kepekatan sel hemoglobin (MCHC) tidak signifikan (p > 0.05). Nilai yang lebih tinggi dilihat pada ikan yang diternak pada 26 dan 30°C daripada yang diternak pada 22 dan 34°C ...

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“…The Cu extraction rates was studied through the effects of time and chloride and H 2 SO 4 concentrations variables on leaching covellite [37][38][39][40]. An experimental design was carried out considering three levels per factor, resulting in a total of 27 samples [41].…”

Section: Experimental Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

Statistical Study for Leaching of Covellite in a Chloride Media

Pérez

Toro

Saldaña

et al. 2020

Metals

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Covellite is a secondary copper sulfide, and it is not abundant. There are few investigations on this mineral in spite of it being formed during the leaching of chalcocite or digenite; the other investigations on covellite are with the use of mineraloids, copper concentrates, and synthetic covellite. The present investigation applied the surface optimization methodology using a central composite face design to evaluate the effect of leaching time, chloride concentration, and sulfuric acid concentration on the level of copper extraction from covellite (84.3% of purity). Copper is dissolved from a sample of pure covellite without the application of temperature or pressure; the importance of its purity is that the behavior of the parameters is analyzed, isolating the impurities that affect leaching. The chloride came from NaCl, and it was effectuated in a size range from –150 to +106 μm. An ANOVA indicated that the leaching time and chloride concentration have the most significant influence, while the copper extraction was independent of sulfuric acid concentration. The experimental data were described by a highly representative quadratic model obtained by linear regression (R2 = 0.99).

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Response Surface Methodology

Cited by 80 publications

References 0 publications

Leaching of Pure Chalcocite in a Chloride Media Using Sea Water and Waste Water

Leaching of Pure Chalcocite in a Chloride Media Using Sea Water and Waste Water

Haematological and Biochemical Responses of Juvenile Malabar Blood Snapper (Lutjanus malabaricus Bloch & Schneider, 1801) Exposed to Different Rearing Temperatures and Diets

Statistical Study for Leaching of Covellite in a Chloride Media

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