Response of Turkey Muscle Satellite Cells to Thermal Challenge. II. Transcriptome Effects in Differentiating Cells

Abstract

Background: Exposure of poultry to extreme temperatures during the critical period of post-hatch growth can seriously affect muscle development and thus compromise subsequent meat quality. This study was designed to characterize transcriptional changes induced in turkey muscle satellite cells by thermal challenge during differentiation. Our goal is to better define how thermal stress alters breast muscle ultrastructure and subsequent development.Results: Skeletal muscle satellite cells previously isolated from the Pectoralis major muscle of 7-wk-old male turkeys (Meleagris gallopavo) from two breeding lines: the F-line (16 wk body weight-selected) and RBC2 (randombred control line) were used in this study. Cultured cells were induced to differentiate at 38°C (control) or thermal challenge temperatures of 33 or 43°C. After 48 h of differentiation, cells were harvested and total RNA was isolated for RNAseq analysis. Analysis of 39.9 Gb of sequence found 89% mapped to the turkey genome (UMD5.0, annotation 101) with average expression of 18,917 genes per library. In the cultured satellite cells, slow/cardiac muscle isoforms are generally present in greater abundance than fast skeletal isoforms. Statistically significant differences in gene expression were observed among treatments and between turkey lines, with a greater number of genes affected in the F-line cells following cold treatment whereas more differentially expressed (DE) genes were observed in the RBC2 cells following heat treatment. Many of the most significant pathways involved signaling, consistent with ongoing cellular differentiation. Regulation of Ca2+ homeostasis appears to be significantly affected by temperature treatment, particularly cold treatment.Conclusions: Satellite cell differentiation is directly influenced by temperature at the level of gene transcription with greater effects attributed to selection for fast growth. At lower temperature, muscle-associated genes in the satellite cells were among the genes with the greatest down regulation consistent with slower differentiation and smaller myotubes. Fewer expression differences were observed in the differentiating cells than previously observed for proliferating cells. This suggests the impact of temperature on satellite cells occurs primarily at early points in satellite cell activation.

Effects of temperature on proliferation of myoblasts from donor piglets with different thermoregulatory maturities

“…To the best of our knowledge, this is the first attempt to study the effects of permanent cultivation at temperatures below the physiological range on primary myoblasts. Only studies with turkey or chicken muscle cells used lower temperatures down to 33 °C compared to the control of 38 °C during proliferation but after precultivation at control temperatures [ 16 – 19 , 21 ]. We found no studies using mammalian primary muscle cells and temperatures below organismic body temperature or usually used cultivation temperatures.…”

“…For instance, the effects of different but permanent cultivation temperatures on primary human skeletal muscle cells (range of 37 to 41 °C) and on C2C12 cells (an immortalized mouse muscle cell line, range of 35 to 41 °C) were investigated [ 13 – 15 ]. For avian primary muscle cell cultures, the range for permanent temperature experiments was from 33 to 43 °C (turkey [ 16 – 19 ], chicken [ 20 , 21 ]). In pigs, the effects of heat stress during housing are already well investigated [ 22 – 24 ], whereas in vitro studies in muscle cell cultures are still rare.…”

Effect of Temperature and Selection for Growth on Intracellular Lipid Accumulation and Adipogenic Gene Expression in Turkey Pectoralis Major Muscle Satellite Cells

“…The expression of NPY promotes lipid deposition by promoting adipogenesis (Kuo et al, 2007;Baker et al, 2009;Zhang et al, 2015;Shipp et al, 2016) and inhibiting lipolysis (Valet et al, 1990;Park et al, 2014;Zhang et al, 2014;Liu et al, 2017). At the transcriptional level, NPY was the gene in turkey pmSCs most downregulated by cold stress during differentiation (Reed et al, 2017). With heat stress, increased expression of NPY and its receptors was observed in turkey pmSCs (Clark et al, 2018).…”

Changes in the direction of human metabolism during rapid adaptation to the conditions of the Far North

“…Проведённые ранее наблюдения показали, что изменение температурных условий вызывает изменение экспрессии так называемых холодовых генов [2]. На биохимическом уровне это проявляется увеличенным синтезом ряда белков с последующей перестройкой характера метаболизма.…”