Response of turkey muscle satellite cells to thermal challenge. I. transcriptome effects in proliferating cells

Abstract

BackgroundClimate change poses a multi-dimensional threat to food and agricultural systems as a result of increased risk to animal growth, development, health, and food product quality. This study was designed to characterize transcriptional changes induced in turkey muscle satellite cells cultured under cold or hot thermal challenge to better define molecular mechanisms by which thermal stress alters breast muscle ultrastructure.ResultsSatellite cells isolated from the pectoralis major muscle of 7-weeks-old male turkeys from two breeding lines (16 weeks body weight-selected and it’s randombred control) were proliferated in culture at 33 °C, 38 °C or 43 °C for 72 h. Total RNA was isolated and 12 libraries subjected to RNAseq analysis. Statistically significant differences in gene expression were observed among treatments and between turkey lines with a greater number of genes altered by cold treatment than by hot and fewer differences observed between lines than between temperatures. Pathway analysis found that cold treatment resulted in an overrepresentation of genes involved in cell signaling/signal transduction and cell communication/cell signaling as compared to control (38 °C). Heat-treated muscle satellite cells showed greater tendency towards expression of genes related to muscle system development and differentiation.ConclusionsThis study demonstrates significant transcriptome effects on turkey skeletal muscle satellite cells exposed to thermal challenge. Additional effects on gene expression could be attributed to genetic selection for 16 weeks body weight (muscle mass). New targets are identified for further research on the differential control of satellite cell proliferation in poultry.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12864-017-3740-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Response of Turkey Muscle Satellite Cells to Thermal Challenge. II. Transcriptome Effects in Differentiating Cells

“…Greater expression differences were seen in the cold treatments where a greater number of the DE genes were down regulated. Fewer expression differences in the differentiating cells were observed between the genetic lines than observed for proliferating cells in the same experimental system (Reed et al, 2017 ). This suggests that the impact of temperature on satellite cells attributed to selection for fast growth may occur primarily at early points in satellite cell activation.…”

“…Turkey p. major satellite cells were replicate plated and proliferated as described in Reed et al ( 2017 ). After 72 h of proliferation at 38°C, the growth medium was removed and the cells were fed a lower-serum medium containing DMEM, 3% horse serum (Gemini BioProducts), 1% antibiotics-antimycotics (Gemini BioProducts), 0.1% gentamicin (Gemini BioProducts), and 1 mg/mL bovine serum albumin (BSA, Sigma Aldrich) to induce differentiation.…”

“…Groomed reads were subsequently mapped to the turkey genome (UMD 5.0, NCBI Annotation 101) with Bowtie (v2.2.4.0). Read counts were normalized in CLC Genomics Workbench (CLCGWB v. 8.0.2, CLC Bio) as described in Reed et al ( 2017 ). Using normalized read counts, samples were hierarchically clustered based on Euclidean sample distances with single linkage and principal component analysis (PCA) was performed in CLCGWB.…”

“…For each temperature comparison, the number of genes with FDR p < 0.05 and |Log 2 FC| > 2.0 that were shared or unique to each group are indicated. Numbers in parentheses are the number of DE genes in the group that were also identified as DE in proliferating satellite cells (Reed et al, 2017 ).…”

“…Previously, we utilized cultured turkey satellite cells to study the effects of thermal challenge on the transcriptome of proliferating satellite cells (Reed et al, 2017 ). Significant gene expression differences were observed between cells incubated at both hot and cold temperatures.…”