Respiratory Viruses in Laryngeal Croup of Young Children

Abstract

Acute laryngeal croup is most often associated with PIV, RSV, rhinovirus, and enterovirus. Rhinovirus and enterovirus appeared equally often in croup and in wheezing illness. During late fall, they were found in 39% and 40%, respectively, of the tested samples.

Update on the utility of corticosteroids in acute pediatric respiratory disorders

“…Other viruses such as enterovirus, respiratory syncytial virus, influenza virus, and human bocavirus have been identified. 37 Midautumn is the peak time for onset of this illness. The illness is usually handled well as an outpatient with less than 10% of patients requiring hospital admission.…”

Pathogenesis of acute respiratory illness caused by human parainfluenza viruses

“…Infection frequently spreads to the paranasal sinuses, larynx and bronchi, and obstruction of the Eustachian tubes can lead to otitis media. Each of the HPIVs has been associated with a similar broad spectrum of respiratory tract disease including the common cold, croup, bronchitis, bronchiolitis, and pneumonia, but certain serotypes are more frequently associated with certain illnesses [3,4,10,11]. For example, HPIV1 and 2 are more frequently associated with laryngotracheobronchitis (croup), and HPIV3 is more likely than HPIV1 or 2 to spread to the smaller airways, causing bronchiolitis and pneumonia resembling that of RSV [2,15,16].…”

Ear, nose and throat manifestation of viral systemic infections in pediatric patients

“…Herpangina is an extremely contagious illness caused by a coxackievirus characterized by a presence of a vesicular exanthema at the velopharyngeal mucous level and acute or croup laryngotracheitis [38][39][40][41] when viral infections are associated. The infections are caused by diverse viruses but more frequently by type 1 and type 2 parainfluenza viruses [42][43][44], which cause an inflammation of the tracheal and subglottic muscous membrane with a charateristic symptomology (inspiratory stridor and barking cough) occasionally relapsing with serious, obstructing respiratory complications [45][46][47].…”