Respiratory response to endotoxin and dust predicts evidence of inflammatory response in volunteers in a swine barn

Dosman, James A.; Fukushima, Yoshio; Senthilselvan, Ambikaipakan; Kirychuk, Shelley; Lawson, Josh; Pahwa, Punam; Cormier, Yvon; Hurst, Tom; Barber, E. M.; Rhodes, Carrie

doi:10.1002/ajim.20339

Cited by 41 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 13 publications

(27 reference statements)

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“…The endotoxin concentration (biomarker of exposure) present in the DE is compatible with that found in modern day swine confinement facilities. 20 Endotoxin was undetectable in the media used. To characterize the DE better, DE was boiled for 10 minutes, cooled to room temperature, and added to media.…”

Section: Preparation Of Organic Dust Extractmentioning

confidence: 98%

Repeat organic dust exposure–induced monocyte inflammation is associated with protein kinase C activity

Poole

Wyatt

Essen

et al. 2007

Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology

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Section: Preparation Of Organic Dust Extractmentioning

confidence: 98%

Repeat organic dust exposure–induced monocyte inflammation is associated with protein kinase C activity

Poole

Wyatt

Essen

et al. 2007

Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology

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“…Evidence has been abundant, showing exposureresponse relationships with reproducible and mutually supportive observations in both experimental studies involving humans [2][3][4][5][6] and cross-sectional as well as longitudinal observational [7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16] studies. Other bioactive microbial markers like b-glucans, fungal extracellular polysaccharides, peptidoglycans and muramic acid exist, 17 but they have not been as consistently associated with health effects and pro-inflammatory responses as endotoxin in such a wide range of studies with different design and methodology.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

A comprehensive review of levels and determinants of personal exposure to dust and endotoxin in livestock farming

Basinas

Sigsgaard

Kromhout

et al. 2013

J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol

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The respiratory health effects of livestock farming have been on debate for more than three decades. Endotoxin-contaminated organic dusts are considered as the most important respiratory hazards within livestock environments. A comprehensive review of the knowledge from studies assessing the exposure status of livestock farmers is still to be published. The present study reviews research published within the last 30 years on personal exposure of livestock farmers to organic dust and endotoxin, focusing on studies on pig, poultry and cattle farmers. Applied measurement methods and reported levels of personal exposure for the total, inhalable and respirable fractions are summarized and discussed, with emphasis on the intensity of exposure and the size and distribution of the reported exposure variability. In addition, available evidence on potential determinants of personal exposure to dust and endotoxin among these farmers are documented and discussed, taking results from exposure determinant studies using stationary sampling approaches into consideration. Research needs are addressed from an epidemiological and industrial hygiene perspective. Published studies have been heterogeneous in design, and applied methodologies and results were frequently inadequately reported. Despite these limitations and the presence of an enormous variability in personal exposure to dust and endotoxin, no clear downward trends in exposure with time were observed, suggesting that working environments within stables remains largely uncontrolled. Exposure control and prevention strategies for livestock farmers are urgently required. These should focus on the development of novel and improved methods of controlling dust and endotoxin exposure within stables based on the currently available knowledge on determinants of exposure.

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“…20 We did not test whether this acute model of swine airway endotoxemia leads to loss of lung function, as is observed in swine barn workers. 3,4 Nevertheless, our results do suggest that ELR-CXC chemokines are important pathologically in the context of endotoxin exposures, such as might be experienced by individuals routinely inspiring exdotoxin-contaminated organic dusts.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 66%

“…2 These acute inflammatory responses lead to observable declines in lung function, even within a normal work day. 3,4 The airway response to acute dust exposure includes neutrophil influx and vascular leakage. 5 Interleukin (IL)-8 expression is thought to be directly responsible for this airway neutrophilia.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Amelioration of Pathology by ELR-CXC Chemokine Antagonism in a Swine Model of Airway Endotoxin Exposure

Gordon

Zhang

et al. 2009

Journal of Agromedicine

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Airborne organic dusts in swine confinement facilities have detrimental effects on workers health. Bacterial endotoxins (i.e., lipopolysaccharides [LPS]) that contaminate these dusts have been implicated in their pro-inflammatory effects in the airways. Exposure to such dusts induces expression of ELR-CXC chemokines (e.g., interleukin [IL]-8), prototypical neutrophil chemoattractants and activators, and neutrophilic pathology. To confirm the roles of the ELR-CXC chemokines in LPS-driven airway pathology, the authors exposed swine to bacterial LPS and tested whether blocking ELR-CXC chemokines would have beneficial effects. Delivery of the ELR-CXC chemokine antagonist CXCL8(3-74)K11R/G31P (G31P) blocked reactive oxygen intermediate production and chemotactic responses by IL-8-challenged neutrophils in vitro. In vivo, one treatment with G31P (100 microg/kg) blocked neutrophil inflammatory responses to intradermal LPS challenge for > or =2 days. It also ameliorated pathology in piglets challenged via the airway with 1 mg of Eschericia coli LPS. On physical examination the saline-treated endotoxemic animals were depressed, pyrexic, and displayed labored breathing, whereas the G31P-treated animals were bright, active, and alert and had a low-grade fever and occasional cough. The lungs of the saline-treated animals displayed evidence of pleural surface hemorrhagic consolidation, and their airways contained large numbers of neutrophils (>80%) as well as substantial amounts of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and IL-1. The G31P treatments of the LPS-challenged piglets reduced their airway neutrophilic inflammatory responses by approximately 86% and reduced the airway TNF (approximately 70%) and IL-1 (approximately 83%) levels. These data implicates the ELR-CXC chemokines in the neutrophilic inflammation observed after airways exposure to bacterial LPS.

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Respiratory response to endotoxin and dust predicts evidence of inflammatory response in volunteers in a swine barn

Abstract: Respiratory response to high-level endotoxin and dust exposure predicts evidence of inflammatory response throughout a range of endotoxin and dust exposures.

Cited by 41 publications

References 13 publications

Repeat organic dust exposure–induced monocyte inflammation is associated with protein kinase C activity

Repeat organic dust exposure–induced monocyte inflammation is associated with protein kinase C activity

A comprehensive review of levels and determinants of personal exposure to dust and endotoxin in livestock farming

Amelioration of Pathology by ELR-CXC Chemokine Antagonism in a Swine Model of Airway Endotoxin Exposure

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