Respiratory Motion Artifact Affecting Hepatic Arterial Phase Imaging with Gadoxetate Disodium: Examination Recovery with a Multiple Arterial Phase Acquisition

Abstract

Use of single-breath-hold multiple arterial phase acquisition in abdominal MR imaging with gadoxetate disodium recovers most arterial phases that would otherwise have been compromised by transient motion.

Transient Severe Respiratory Motion Artifacts After Application of Gadoxetate Disodium: What We Currently Know

“…Other studies, however, were not able to confirm a dose-dependent relationship of gadoxetate disodium and TSM [8,10,12]. Also, no correlation between the dose of gadoxetate disodium and the frequency of TSM can be derived when indirectly comparing results from different studies and different sites (▶ Table 2).…”

“…This assumption might explain the differences in observed frequencies of TSM. Indeed, the study sites addressing TSM used different doses of gadoxetate disodium: weight-adapted doses of 0.025 or 0.05 mmol/kg [11,13] fixed doses of 10 ml (package size) or 20 ml [6,8,10] (▶ Table 2). …”

“…Some institutions administer gadoxetate disodium with a high injection rate of 2 ml/s to achieve a concentrated bolus for improved arterial phase contrast [6,8,9,12,13]. Other institutions administer it with a slower injection rate of 1 ml/s to spread the contrast bolus, thereby reducing the risk of a poorly timed arterial phase [6,10,11,13,25].…”

“…Studies with faster injection rates of 2 ml/s also showed varying, but higher frequencies of TSM, ranging from 10 % to 22 % with either weight-adjusted dosing or fixed doses of 10 ml gadoxetate disodium (▶ Table 2) [6,8,13].…”

“…The acquisition times for dynamic liver MRI sequences at the different study sites ranged from 12 to 22 seconds [8,12,15], hence another potential explanation for the difference in observed frequencies of TSM. It seems conceivable that shorter scan times would decrease the frequency of TSM.…”