Respiratory dysfunction in multiple sclerosis

Abstract

Respiratory dysfunction frequently occurs in patients with advanced multiple sclerosis (MS), and may manifest as acute or chronic respiratory failure, disordered control of breathing, respiratory muscle weakness, sleep disordered breathing, or neurogenic pulmonary edema. The underlying pathophysiology is related to demyelinating plaques involving the brain stem or spinal cord. Respiratory complications such as aspiration, lung infections and respiratory failure are typically seen in patients with long-standing MS. Acute respiratory failure is uncommon and due to newly appearing demyelinating plaques extensively involving areas of the brain stem or spinal cord. Early recognition of MS patients at risk for respiratory complications allows for the timely implementation of care and measures to decrease disease associated morbidity and mortality.

Respiratory impairment in multiple sclerosis: a study of respiratory function in wheelchair‐bound patients

“…In agreement with previous observations , duration of the disease and time from the loss of walk were not correlated with respiratory impairment, suggesting that pulmonary dysfunction in advanced MS is not related to the decrease of overall mobility. Neurological fatigue in MS has been linked to respiratory impairment in ambulatory patients but its improvement after respiratory muscle training remains controversial .…”

Comorbid disease burden among MS patients 1968–2012: A Swedish register–based cohort study

“…24 Higher rates in males could be due to the increased severity of their MS requiring hospital care 25 in particular for respiratory disease as pwMS tend to have more respiratory dysfunction. 26 MS has a long and insidious latency period, with appearance of symptoms occurring over years. Therefore, pre-clinical symptoms of MS could contribute to development or diagnosis of another chronic disease as pwMS have been shown to have increased health-care utilization 5 years prior to MS onset.…”

Utilizing a 5G spectrum for health care to detect the tremors and breathing activity for multiple sclerosis

“…MS affects the higher‐order activities to the brain, causing poor concentration and critical thinking as well as depression and anxiety. It also affects the respiratory system of humans due to weak respiratory muscles –. In this, the patient loses control over breathing, which may lead to respiratory arrest and sleep apnea.…”

“…It also affects the respiratory system of humans due to weak respiratory muscles. [9][10][11] In this, the patient loses control over breathing, which may lead to respiratory arrest and sleep apnea. The research also proved that patients with swear MS has greater chance at experiencing obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and central sleep apnea (21%).…”