Respiratory Disease of the Bovine Neonate

Poulsen, Keith P.; McGuirk, Sheila M.

doi:10.1016/j.cvfa.2008.10.007

Cited by 86 publications

(82 citation statements)

References 74 publications

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“…The determination of body temperature using non-invasive methods decreases the need to handle or restrain animals, and can have applications in non-domestic species where handling is impractical or impossible (Speakman andWard, 1998, Kouba andWillard, 2005). Because animals can be largely asymptomatic when unhealthy, leading to difficulty in identifying them (Schaefer et al, 2007;Poulsen and McGuirk, 2009), body temperature measurement is often used as a rapid screening test for identifying sick (febrile) animals.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationship among eye and muzzle temperatures measured using digital infrared thermal imaging and vaginal and rectal temperatures in hair sheep and cattle1

George

Godfrey

Ketring

et al. 2014

Journal of Animal Science

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Digital infrared thermal imaging (DITI) using a thermal camera has potential to be a useful tool for the production animal industry. Thermography has been used in both humans and a wide range of animal species to measure body temperature as a method to detect injury or inflammation. The objective of these experiments was to compare the temperature of the eye (EYE) or muzzle (MUZ) measured using DITI to vaginal (VT) and rectal temperature (RT) as measures of core body temperature in hair sheep and beef cattle. In Exp.1 EYE, VT and RT were measured in lactating, multiparous hair sheep ewes (St. Croix White, n = 10, and Dorper × St. Croix White, n = 10) in a non-febrile state 5 times over a 48-h period. Data loggers were used to measure VT and a digital veterinary thermometer was used to measure RT. There was a high correlation (P < 0.001) between VT and RT (r = 0.95), EYE and RT (r = 0.76) and EYE and VT (r = 0.77). In Exp. 2 EYE, MUZ, VT and RT were measured in multiparous, lactating ewes (St. Croix White, n = 2, and Barbados Blackbelly, n = 12) at -12, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 12, 24, 36, and 48 h after being administered lipopolysaccharide (LPS; n = 7; 0.2 µg/kg BW, i.v.) or saline (n = 7; 0.5 mL, i.v.). Data loggers were used to measure VT and a digital veterinary thermometer was used to measure RT. When data were combined across treatments (LPS and saline) there was a high correlation (P < 0.001) between VT and RT (r = 0.96), EYE and RT (r = 0.82), MUZ and RT (r = 0.72), and EYE and VT (r = 0.93). In Exp. 3 EYE, MUZ, VT and RT were measured in multiparous, non-lactating, pregnant Senepol cattle (n = 44) between 0900 and 1200 h on a single day. A digital veterinary thermometer was used to measure both VT and RT. There was a high correlation (P < 0.001) between VT and RT (r = 0.78), a moderate correlation (P < 0.001) between VT and EYE (r = 0.52), RT and EYE (r = 0.58) and EYE and MUZ (r = 0.48). There was no correlation (P > 0.10) between RT or VT and MUZ. The findings of these three studies indicate that temperature of the eye, measured using DITI, can be used as an indicator of core body temperature in hair sheep and beef cattle as an alternative to using vaginal or rectal temperature.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationship among eye and muzzle temperatures measured using digital infrared thermal imaging and vaginal and rectal temperatures in hair sheep and cattle1

George

Godfrey

Ketring

et al. 2014

Journal of Animal Science

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“…As bactérias mais frequentemente encontradas foram semelhantes nos animais sadios e nos doentes, o que poderia causar dúvidas sobre a correta interpretação da hígi-dez dos bezerros, uma vez que apenas o exame físico nem sempre é suficiente para caracterizar uma doença pulmonar (Gonçalves et al 2004, Poulsen & McGuirk 2009). Por isso os exames laboratoriais como hemograma, em especial a dosagem de fibrinogênio, foram fundamentais para descartar erros de interpretações clínicas, pois segundo Taylor (2000) constituem os indicadores mais sensíveis de inflamação aguda ou crônica.…”

Section: Resultsunclassified

“…Além disso, animais jovens apresentam depuração mucociliar baixa, deixando-os mais vulneráveis a agentes bacterianos inalados (Diesel et al 1991) 6 Intracathy BD Encontrou-se uma grande proporção de enterobacté-rias nas amostras de animais sadios e naquelas dos doentes, o que difere do descrito pela literatura internacional, mas não da nacional (Gonçalves 1987, Barros et al l994). Apesar dos bezerros estarem instalados em gaiolas individuais, a sua proximidade permitia que um animal lambesse a região da cabeça dos outros, favorecendo uma possível contaminação oronasal (Poulsen & McGuirk 2009). Além disso, nesta faixa etária, os animais frequentemente apresentavam quadros diarréicos, observando-se crostas de material fecal nos mesmos, o que possibilita maior contato com as enterobactérias.…”

Section: Resultsunclassified

“…O exame físico, em particular a auscultação pulmonar, nem sempre é elucidativa de uma doença respiratória, e o diagnóstico definitivo requer exames complementares mais específicos como radiografia, broncoscopia ou aná-lises citológicas e microbiológicas do trato respiratório (Gonçalves et al 2004;Poulsen & McGuirk 2009). Alguns destes exames requerem equipamentos onerosos, impedindo sua execução corriqueira, induzindo a necessidade do desenvolvimento de técnicas mais baratas que forneçam informações precisas para o reconhecimento da higidez do trato respiratório de bovinos.…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

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Microbiota bacteriana e citologia da região traqueobrônquica de bezerros no período neonatal

et al. 2013

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ABSTRACT. - Bronchopneumonia is important for world livestock production and one of the major causes of calf mortality during the first months of life. The preventive and therapeutic measures adopted for the disease in calves in Brazil are usually based on the results of international studies; however there is not enough known which bacteria are implicated. In the first month of life calves show immaturity of their immune system, what has been little studied in regard to pneumonia. The present investigation sought to study neonate bronchopneumonia in calves, to identify which bacteria are present in the respiratory tract of healthy and, with naturally acquired pneumonia calves, to analyze the pulmonary cytological response against pathogens. For this purpose, samples of the respiratory tract were collected by tracheocenthesis. It was noted that the microflora of the tracheobronchial region of healthy and diseased calves was the same, but they were different from the one reported by international papers. The flora was constituted mainly by Staphylococcus sp., Bacillus sp., Streptococcus sp., Pseudomonas aeruginosa and enterobacteriae, allowing to infer that the prophylactic and therapeutic measures adopted internationally may not be as effective for the Brazilian condition. It was also found that newborn calves have an approximate ratio of 1:1 of macrophages and neutrophils in the tracheobronchial region when they were healthy, reaching a ratio of approximately 1:3 of macrophages and neutrophils when they were with bronchopneumonia. Probably, these profiles are characteristic of the age, a period when exists immaturity of the immune system and influenced by management factors which lead to greater inhalation of bacterial agents. RESUMO.-As broncopneumonias são afecções importantes na pecuária mundial, representando uma das principais causas de mortalidade de bezerros nos primeiros meses de vida. As medidas preventivas e terapêuticas adotadas geralmente são baseadas em resultados de estudos internacionais, não se conhecendo as bactérias implicadas nos quadros pneumônicos em animais criados no Brasil. Aliado a isso, no primeiro mês de vida, os bezerros demonstram imaturidade do sistema imune, o que tem sido pouco estudado em quadros pneumônicos. Desta maneira, objetivou--se estudar as broncopneumonias em bezerros neonatos,

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“…A new respiratory scoring system for diagnosis of respiratory diseases considered easy tool for veterinarians and farm personnel (McGuirk, 2008;Poulsen and McGuirk, 2009). Scoring systems are used in clinical and research settings to classify calves as either healthy or sick for the purposes of treatment or analysis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultrasonography as a Decision Making Tool for Respiratory Affected Calves

Gouda¹

2015

J. Anim. Health Prod.

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| The purpose of this study was to clarify the importance of the ultrasonography in assessing the severity of respiratory troubles in calves. For this purpose, 30 calves were investigated in this study. By using scoring system for calves' respiratory disease, these calves were classified into 2 groups. The 1 st group included 15 calves with total scoring less than 4 (normal group) while the 2 nd group contained 15 calves with total scoring equal or more than 4 (respiratory affected group). Auscultation and ultrasonographic examination of lung field were applied on both groups. Calves in 1 st group were healthy and had no abnormalities in lung either by auscultation or by ultrasound. In the 2 nd group, abnormal lung sounds were audible in 11 calves while lung lesions were detected by ultrasound in 7 calves. Furthermore, among 7 calves with lung lesions, 5 had focal lung lesions and 2 had diffuse lung lesions. By receiving the treatment for 5 successive days, 13 calves were responding and the 2 calves with diffuse lung lesion were not responding and euthanized. Necropsy findings of the euthanized calves confirmed the ante-mortem ultrasonographic examination. In conclusion, scoring system for calves' respiratory disease and chest auscultation are useful tool for detecting the respiratory affected calves in the herd but ultrasonography consider useful tool in evaluation the involvement of lung and the degree of affection.

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Respiratory Disease of the Bovine Neonate

Cited by 86 publications

References 74 publications

Relationship among eye and muzzle temperatures measured using digital infrared thermal imaging and vaginal and rectal temperatures in hair sheep and cattle1

Relationship among eye and muzzle temperatures measured using digital infrared thermal imaging and vaginal and rectal temperatures in hair sheep and cattle1

Microbiota bacteriana e citologia da região traqueobrônquica de bezerros no período neonatal

Ultrasonography as a Decision Making Tool for Respiratory Affected Calves

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