Resource-recycling and energy-saving innovation for iron removal in hydrometallurgy: Crystal transformation of ferric hydroxide precipitates by hydrothermal treatment

Niu, Zhenxing; Li, Gaibian; He, Dongdong; Fu, Xinzhuang; Sun, Wei; Yue, Tong

doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.125972

Cited by 32 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…The Fe concentration was 44.3 g/L, which was significantly higher than the leach slurry derived from the HPAL process (approximately 4–6 g/L) . Based on previous findings, , the partial neutralization method was unsuitable for selectively separating iron from this leach solution with a high Fe concentration without significant nickel/cobalt losses. Furthermore, the saprolitic ore has a high magnesium content, which can generate 50.8 g/L of Mg 2+ ions in the leaching solution.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 88%

Near-Zero-Waste Approach for the Treatment of Saprolitic Nickel Laterite via a Combined Hydrometallurgical Process

Chen

Mang

et al. 2023

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.

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Atmospheric acid leaching can be used for processing the nickel laterite ore. The lixivium composition necessitates Fe 3+ separation as the first step in recovering valuable metals. However, traditional partial neutralization has the problem of significant loss of Ni 2+ and Co 2+ ions due to the high Fe 3+ concentration. Besides, the discharged acidic residue leads to environmental pollution. This study proposes a combined hydrometallurgical method for efficiently recovering valuable components from saprolitic laterite. After atmospheric sulfuric acid leaching, the Fe 3+ in the lixivium was first separated using phosphoric acid and sodium hydroxide as reagents; 92% of the Fe 3+ precipitated as iron phosphate at a pH of 1.8. The charge and discharge capacities of the LFP sample prepared from this iron phosphate at the rate of 1 C were 157 and 154 mA h/g, respectively. During the recovery of Fe 3+ ions, approximately 100% of other metals were retained in the aqueous solution. After adjustment of the pH to 6.0, this solution was used to remove impurities, including Al, Mn, Cr, and Fe. Then, more than 98% of Ni and Co were recovered as Ni,Co(OH) 2 precipitates at a pH of 8.0−9.0. When the pH was raised to 11.0, over 98% of Mg precipitated as Mg(OH) 2 . The leach residue with a high silica content was used to prepare calcium silicate hydrate (C−S−H) via a hydrothermal process. The recovery of FePO 4 , Mg(OH) 2 , and C−S−H, in addition to Ni,Co(OH) 2 , made this a value-added process and with a near-zero residue discharge.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 88%

Near-Zero-Waste Approach for the Treatment of Saprolitic Nickel Laterite via a Combined Hydrometallurgical Process

Chen

Mang

et al. 2023

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.

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“…The separation of Fe from zinc leaching solution is an indispensable step to purify the Zn 2+ electrolyte for subsequent electrowinning. However, current methods of Fe precipitation may produce Fe-bearing minerals (e.g., ferric hydroxide, jarosite, and goethite) with low Fe content (20–40%), which would generate massive hazardous waste. − At present, millions of tons of Fe-bearing wastes generated from zinc hydrometallurgy are deposited in China, and its amount is still increasing at a rate of more than 100,000 tons per year. , These Fe-bearing wastes cannot be utilized as raw materials in steel-making industries, which led to the land occupation and Fe resource loss. Also, Fe-bearing wastes usually contain toxic metals including Pb, As, and Cr, which may be leached into soil and groundwater after a long-term deposit. ,, …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…3−5 At present, millions of tons of Fe-bearing wastes generated from zinc hydrometallurgy are deposited in China, and its amount is still increasing at a rate of more than 100,000 tons per year. 6,7 These Fe-bearing wastes cannot be utilized as raw materials in steel-making industries, which led to the land occupation and Fe resource loss. Also, Fe-bearing wastes usually contain toxic metals including Pb, As, and Cr, which may be leached into soil and groundwater after a long-term deposit.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Minimizing Fe-Bearing Waste Guided by Modulating the Precipitation Pathway: A Novel Magnetite Precipitation Approach for Zinc Hydrometallurgy

Shi

Wei

et al. 2022

ACS EST Eng.

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Removing Fe is an essential step to obtain target metals from minerals in various industries. The most typical example is to remove Fe from Fe−Zn mixed mineral leachate in zinc hydrometallurgy. Current removal methods that precipitate Fe as Fe-poor phases (e.g., ferric hydroxide, jarosite, and goethite) generate massive Fe-bearing wastes, which results in land occupation, resource loss, and environmental risk. To handle this problem, the present work innovatively precipitated Fe in Fe−Zn mixed solution as magnetite (the mineral with the highest stoichiometric Fe content) with reduced Zn coprecipitation, simply by slowing the addition of Fe−Zn mixed solution into alkali. We uncovered that slower addition of Fe−Zn mixed solution destabilized Fe-bearing intermediates and then promoted the rapid and direct formation of magnetite. Coprecipitation of ZnO and Fe-bearing intermediates, as well as the resulting Zn retention, was thereby circumvented. Compared to conventionally generated Fe-bearing waste, magnetite obtained by the slow addition method had less mass amount (reduced from 1.67 to 0.89 g), lower Zn/Fe ratio (reduced from 0.214 to 0.158), and superior magnetic separation performance (enhanced from 38.8 to 88.2 emu/g). This study proposed a facile strategy to efficiently precipitate Fe as magnetite and elucidated the underlying mechanism, which sheds light on the minimization of Fe-bearing wastes and elimination of corresponding environmental risks.

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“…In this study, the MHP precipitation method was used, which previously carried out an iron removal process so that the precipitated nickel and cobalt could be free from iron compounds [10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Iron Removal Process From Nickel Pregnant Leach Solution Using Sodium Hydroxide

Zunaidi

Setiawan

Oediyani

et al. 2022

metal.

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Indonesia is a country that has abundant mineral resources, including nickel resources in laterite ore. Nickel demand has risen significantly because of the need for nickel precursors for battery production. Nickel laterite can be processed via the hydrometallurgical route to obtain nickel precursor by leaching the laterite ore with an acid solution to produce a nickel-rich solution or Pregnant Leach Solutions (PLS). This nickel-rich solution is then processed by precipitation with a base solution to make its hydroxides known as Mixed Hydroxides Precipitate (MHP). MHP is the main product that contains nickel and cobalt for making the material for a lithium battery. PLS usually contain iron impurity, which also dissolves when the ore is leached. Therefore, the iron needs to be separated to make high-purity MHP. To solve this problem, synthetic PLS contained nickel, cobalt, and iron, and their concentration was simulated to match the general PLS composition. From the experiment, it was observed that iron could be precipitated at two stages at solution pH of 3 and 3.5 using 2.5 M NaOH solution. After that, nickel and cobalt can be precipitated at higher pH. To study the effect of pH and temperature on the yield of nickel and cobalt precipitation, precipitation at pH of 7, 8, and 9; and temperature of 70, 80, and 90 °C was conducted. The results show that the highest yield was obtained at a pH of 9 and temperature of 90 °C, with precipitation yield of nickel and cobalt at 99.03% and 98.78%, respectively.

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Resource-recycling and energy-saving innovation for iron removal in hydrometallurgy: Crystal transformation of ferric hydroxide precipitates by hydrothermal treatment

Cited by 32 publications

References 29 publications

Near-Zero-Waste Approach for the Treatment of Saprolitic Nickel Laterite via a Combined Hydrometallurgical Process

Near-Zero-Waste Approach for the Treatment of Saprolitic Nickel Laterite via a Combined Hydrometallurgical Process

Minimizing Fe-Bearing Waste Guided by Modulating the Precipitation Pathway: A Novel Magnetite Precipitation Approach for Zinc Hydrometallurgy

Iron Removal Process From Nickel Pregnant Leach Solution Using Sodium Hydroxide

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