RESOURCE ACQUISITION AND THE EVOLUTION OF STRESS RESISTANCE IN<i>DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER</i>

Chippindale, Adam K.; Gibbs, Allen G.; Sheik, Mani; Yee, Kandice J.; Djawdan, Minou; Bradley, Timothy J.; Rose, Michael R.

doi:10.1111/j.1558-5646.1998.tb02016.x

Cited by 118 publications

(85 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…Perhaps selection for increased survival in crude oil over shorter periods of time led to tradeoffs resulting in slower development. Such a tradeoff between survival and development time is concordant with studies that show increased development time in response to selection for stress tolerance, similar to what has been observed for evolutionary responses to low salinity (Lee et al., 2003, 2007), as well as to other forms of stress, such as starvation and desiccation stress (Barrera & Medialdea, 1996; Chippindale et al., 1998; Harshman, Hoffmann, & Clark, 1999). …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolutionary responses to crude oil from the Deepwater Horizon oil spill by the copepod Eurytemora affinis

Lee

Remfert

Opgenorth

et al. 2017

Evolutionary Applications

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The BP Deepwater Horizon Oil Disaster was the most catastrophic offshore oil spill in U.S. history, yet we still have a poor understanding of how organisms could evolve in response to the toxic effects of crude oil. This study offers a rare analysis of how fitness‐related traits could evolve rapidly in response to crude oil toxicity. We examined evolutionary responses of populations of the common copepod Eurytemora affinis residing in the Gulf of Mexico, by comparing crude oil tolerance of populations collected before versus after the Deepwater Horizon oil spill of 2010. In addition, we imposed laboratory selection for crude oil tolerance for ~8 generations, using an E. affinis population collected from before the oil spill. We found evolutionary increases in crude oil tolerance in the wild population following the oil spill, relative to the population collected before the oil spill. The post‐oil spill population showed increased survival and rapid development time in the presence of crude oil. In contrast, evolutionary responses following laboratory selection were less clear; though, development time from metamorphosis to adult in the presence of crude oil did become more rapid after selection. We did find that the wild population, used in both experiments, harbored significant genetic variation in crude oil tolerance, upon which selection could act. Thus, our study indicated that crude oil tolerance could evolve, but perhaps not on the relatively short time scale of the laboratory selection experiment. This study contributes novel insights into evolutionary responses to crude oil, in directly examining fitness‐related traits before and after an oil spill, and in observing evolutionary responses following laboratory selection.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolutionary responses to crude oil from the Deepwater Horizon oil spill by the copepod Eurytemora affinis

Lee

Remfert

Opgenorth

et al. 2017

Evolutionary Applications

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show abstract

“…Blows and HoVmann 1993). Thus, only one study has shown higher energy content due to accumulated carbohydrates ) while other studies diVer in energy content of metabolic reserves in desiccation-selected lines of D. melanogaster (Blows and HoVmann 1993;Chippindale et al 1998;Telonis-Scott et al 2006). In the present study, wild Xies of D. melanogaster have shown 2/3 of total energy due to carbohydrates in darker isofemale lines but from lipids in case of lighter Xies.…”

Section: Adult Xiesmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…However, in another study, energy content of D strains was 32% from carbohydrates but 68% from lipids while C strains obtained 14 and 86% from carbohydrates to lipids, respectively (cf. Chippindale et al 1998). Further, a new set of desiccation selected D and C strains of D. melanogaster showed equal (50%) energy content derived from carbohydrates to lipids (cf.…”

Section: Adult Xiesmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…Several studies have shown that laboratory selected desiccation-resistant strains (D) store glycogen as the primary source of energy Gibbs et al 1997;Chippindale et al 1998;Folk et al 2001) but not all studies have reported such a pattern of metabolite accumulation (Blows and HoVmann 1993;Telonis-Scott et al 2006). .…”

Section: Evects Of Developmental Duration On Larval Metabolite Accumumentioning

confidence: 97%

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Divergence of larval resource acquisition for water conservation and starvation resistance in Drosophila melanogaster

et al. 2012

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Laboratory selection experiments have evidenced storage of energy metabolites in adult Xies of desiccation and starvation resistant strains of D. melanogaster but resource acquisition during larval stages has received lesser attention. For wild populations of D. melanogaster, it is not clear whether larvae acquire similar or diVerent energy metabolites for desiccation and starvation resistance. We tested the hypothesis whether larval acquisition of energy metabolites is consistent with divergence of desiccation and starvation resistance in darker and lighter isofemale lines of D. melanogaster. Our results are interesting in several respects. First, we found contrasting patterns of larval resource acquisition, i.e., accumulation of higher carbohydrates during 3rd instar larval stage of darker Xies versus higher levels of triglycerides in 1st and 2nd larval instars of lighter Xies. Second, 3rd instar larvae of darker Xies showed »40 h longer duration of development at 21°C; and greater accumulation of carbohydrates (trehalose and glycogen) in fed larvae as compared with larvae nonfed after 150 h of egg laying. Third, darker isofemale lines have shown signiWcant increase in total water content (18%); hemolymph (86%) and dehydration tolerance (11%) as compared to lighter isofemale lines. Loss of hemolymph water under desiccation stress until death was signiWcantly higher in darker as compared to lighter isofemale lines but tissue water loss was similar. Fourth, for larvae of darker Xies, about 65% energy content is contributed by carbohydrates for conferring greater desiccation resistance while the larvae of lighter Xies acquire 2/3 energy from lipids for sustaining starvation resistance; and such energy diVerences persist in the newly eclosed Xies. Thus, larval stages of wild-caught darker and lighter Xies have evolved independent physiological processes for the accumulation of energy metabolites to cope with desiccation or starvation stress.

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“…There is an evidence of acquisition of greater carbohydrates as energy reserves to alleviate the consequences of desiccation stress in laboratory-selected desiccation-resistant strains of D. melanogaster (Graves et al 1992;Gibbs et al 1997;Chippindale et al 1998;Djawdan et al 1998). In contrast, large-sized insects (locusts and tse-tse flies), and a new set of laboratory-selected desiccation-resistant strains of D. melanogaster have shown storage of higher levels of lipid content under dehydration stress (Loveridge and Bursell 1975;Telonis-Scott et al 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Divergent strategies for adaptation to desiccation stress in two Drosophila species of immigrans group

et al. 2012

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Water balance mechanisms have been investigated in desert Drosophila species of the subgenus Drosophila from North America, but changes in mesic species of subgenus Drosophila from other continents have received lesser attention. We found divergent strategies for coping with desiccation stress in two species of immigrans group--D. immigrans and D. nasuta. In contrast to clinal variation for body melanization in D. immigrans, cuticular lipid mass showed a positive cline in D. nasuta across a latitudinal transect (10°46'-31°43'N). Based on isofemale lines variability, body melanization showed positive correlation with desiccation resistance in D. immigrans but not in D. nasuta. The use of organic solvents has supported water proofing role of cuticular lipids in D. nasuta but not in D. immigrans. A comparative analysis of water budget of these two species showed that higher water content, reduced rate of water loss and greater dehydration tolerance confer higher desiccation resistance in D. immigrans while the reduced rate of water loss is the only possible mechanism to enhance desiccation tolerance in D. nasuta. We found that carbohydrates act as metabolic fuel during desiccation stress in both the species, whereas their rates of utilization differ significantly between these two species. Further, acclimation to dehydration stress improved desiccation resistance due to increase in the level of carbohydrates in D. immigrans but not in D. nasuta. Thus, populations of D. immigrans and D. nasuta have evolved different water balance mechanisms under shared environmental conditions. Multiple measures of desiccation resistance in D. immigrans but reduction in water loss in D. nasuta are consistent with their different levels of adaptive responses to wet and dry conditions on the Indian subcontinent.

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RESOURCE ACQUISITION AND THE EVOLUTION OF STRESS RESISTANCE INDROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER

Cited by 118 publications

References 41 publications

Evolutionary responses to crude oil from the Deepwater Horizon oil spill by the copepod Eurytemora affinis

Evolutionary responses to crude oil from the Deepwater Horizon oil spill by the copepod Eurytemora affinis

Divergence of larval resource acquisition for water conservation and starvation resistance in Drosophila melanogaster

Divergent strategies for adaptation to desiccation stress in two Drosophila species of immigrans group

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