Resolvins as a Treatment Modality in Experimental Periodontitis: A Systematic Review of Preclinical Studies

Abstract

This systematic review aimed to assess scientific data of existing literature to identify the efficacy of resolvins (Rv) in the treatment of periodontitis. The electronic databases, Web of Science (WOS), Medline/PubMed, The Cochrane Library, Scopus, and Saudi digital library (SDL), were searched for eligible studies in the field of periodontics. A thorough analysis of the retrieved literature provided five articles that were assessed and included in this systematic review. The quality of these studies was assessed by updated Essential Animal Research: Reporting of In-Vivo Experiments (ARRIVE) guidelines. The five included studies were published between 2005 and 2018 and investigated resolvins as a treatment approach in experimental periodontitis of animals. Among the study animals employed, New Zealand white rabbits were used in three studies, Wistar rats and Albino mice in two studies, respectively. Four studies have evaluated eicosapentaenoic acid-derived RvE1, and one study evaluated docosahexaenoic acid-derived RvD2. Oraltopical application of Rv was followed in four studies, and intra-peritoneal Rv injection was administered in one study. The study duration in these studies have ranged between 4-12 weeks, and the Rv dose was between 0.1 μg to 0.5 μg. One study evaluated the influence of RvE1 topical application on both the prevention and treatment of experimental periodontitis. Resolvins (RvE1 and RvD2) have been studied in periodontitis-induced animal models to assess their potential role in periodontal inflammation resolution. There are promising preclinical data of using resolvins as a treatment modality in experimental periodontitis. Resolvins have been demonstrated to inhibit the destructive inflammatory process and alveolar bone loss in laboratory-induced periodontitis under controlled experimental conditions.

Hydrogels in Gene Delivery Techniques for Regenerative Medicine and Tissue Engineering

“…There are also studies mentioning hydrogel gene delivery systems for alveolar bone regeneration. Regeneration of alveolar bone is the key to the treatment of periodontal disease, and bone tissue engineering methods based on genetic modification to reconstruct alveolar bone damage are gaining more and more attention, [63,187] among which heat-associated hydro- gels are prominent. CS nanoparticles (CSn) containing pDNA-BMP-2 were introduced into chitosan thermo-sensitive hydrogels and applied to rat cranial bone defects and beagle periodontitis models, which effectively enhanced new bone formation in rat cranial bone defects and healing of beagle bone defects.…”

Diabetes mellitus promotes susceptibility to periodontitis—novel insight into the molecular mechanisms

“…The main kind of substances used in host response modulation therapy include nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) ( 181 ), anti-cytokine therapy ( 182 ), sub-antimicrobial doses of doxycycline (SDD) ( 183 ), and specialized proresolving mediators (SPM) such as resolvins ( 184 ), maresins ( 185 ), lipoxins ( 186 ), probiotics ( 159 ), and other substances such as resveratrol ( 187 ) melatonin ( 188 ), and curcumin ( 189 ). Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω-3 PUFA) can change the neutrophil function, reduce inflammatory reactions, and improve host antioxidant capacity ( 190 ).…”

The impact of Resolvin E1 on bone regeneration in critical‐sized calvarial defects of rat model—A gene expression and micro‐CT analysis

“…12 Resolvins, which are later formed in the inflammatory response and predominate eicosanoid mediators in resolving inflammatory exudates, are byproducts of the breakdown of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in the diet. [13][14][15][16][17][18] The E-series and D-series are the two structural types of resolvins. While the D-series controls inflammation in brain tissues, the E-series inhibits neutrophil trans-endothelial migration.…”

“…Resolvins, which are later formed in the inflammatory response and predominate eicosanoid mediators in resolving inflammatory exudates, are byproducts of the breakdown of omega‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in the diet 13–18 . The E‐series and D‐series are the two structural types of resolvins.…”