Resolving a phylogenetic hypothesis for parrots: implications from systematics to conservation

Provost, Kaiya L.; Joseph, Leo; Smith, Brian Tilston

doi:10.1080/01584197.2017.1387030

Cited by 57 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 69 publications

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“…To this end, we used a recent phylogeny of the Psittaciformes from Provost et al . (), which includes phylogenetic relation of 307 extant species from a 30‐gene supermatrix. In PGLS, Pagel's λ is a measure of the autocorrelation among the residuals due to a shared phylogeny, which ranges from 0 (no phylogenetic signal) to 1 (perfect phylogenetic signal according to a Brownian motion model of evolution; Pagel 1999).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To account for shared phylogenetic history among parrot species, we used phylogenetic generalized least squares (PGLS), which incorporates dependence among species as a phylogenetic variance-covariance matrix of the residuals (Pagel 1999, Freckleton et al 2002. To this end, we used a recent phylogeny of the Psittaciformes from Provost et al (2017), which includes phylogenetic relation of 307 extant species from a 30-gene supermatrix. In PGLS, Pagel's k is a measure of the autocorrelation among the residuals due to a shared phylogeny, which ranges from 0 (no phylogenetic signal) to 1 (perfect phylogenetic signal according to a Brownian motion model of evolution ;Pagel 1999).…”

Section: Diet Composition and Data Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

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Diet of Neotropical parrots is independent of phylogeny but correlates with body size and geographical range

Benavídez

Palacio

Rivera

et al. 2018

Ibis

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Body mass and geographical range are two main drivers of diet in animals, yet how these factors influence diet in the morphologically and ecologically diverse avian group of Psittaciformes is little known. We reviewed current knowledge of the diet of Neotropical parrots and assessed the relation between diet (breadth and composition), phylogeny, body mass and geographical range. Diet has been documented for 98 of 165 species, but information is available only for 34 of 59 threatened species, and countries with high species diversity (> 20 species) had few studies (one to seven). Neotropical parrot species consumed 1293 plant species of 125 families. When assessing the relative frequency of different food items in the diet (seed, fruits, flowers, leaves, nectar, bark and stems), we found that parrots mostly exploited seeds (41.9%) and fruits (38.3%) of native species. Diet overlap was very low among genera (0.006-0.321). At the species level, geographical range and body size explained the variation in diet composition. In particular, small parrots of restricted distribution had a distinct diet composition relative to either large or widely distributed species. Although body size and geographical range showed phylogenetic inertia, diet was independent of phylogenetic history. Our review not only reveals ecological factors explaining diet in a generalist group but also exposes information gaps across the Neotropical region.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Diet Composition and Data Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Diet of Neotropical parrots is independent of phylogeny but correlates with body size and geographical range

Benavídez

Palacio

Rivera

et al. 2018

Ibis

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“…We used a recent phylogeny of 307 parrot species produced from a 30-gene supermatrix (Provost, Joseph, & Smith, 2017). Only one of the species we studied here, the Superb parrot (Polytelis swainsonii), was not included in this phylogeny.…”

Section: Phylogenymentioning

confidence: 99%

Sperm morphology and evidence for sperm competition among parrots

Carballo

Battistotti

Teltscher

et al. 2019

J of Evolutionary Biology

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Sperm competition is an important component of post‐copulatory sexual selection that has shaped the evolution of sperm morphology. Previous studies have reported that sperm competition has a concurrently directional and stabilizing effect on sperm size. For example, bird species that show higher levels of extrapair paternity and larger testes (proxies for the intensity of sperm competition) have longer sperm and lower coefficients of variation in sperm length, both within and between males. For this reason, these sperm traits have been proposed as indexes to estimate the level of sperm competition in species for which other measures are not available. The relationship between sperm competition and sperm morphology has been explored mostly for bird species that breed in temperate zones, with the main focus on passerine birds. We measured sperm morphology in 62 parrot species that breed mainly in the tropics and related variation in sperm length to life‐history traits potentially indicative of the level of sperm competition. We showed that sperm length negatively correlated with the within‐male coefficient of variation in sperm length and positively with testes mass. We also showed that sperm is longer in sexually dichromatic and in gregarious species. Our results support the general validity of the hypothesis that sperm competition drives variation in sperm morphology. Our analyses suggest that post‐copulatory sexual selection is also important in tropical species, with more intense sperm competition among sexually dichromatic species and among species that breed at higher densities.

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“…In this special issue Provost et al (2018) present a fresh synthesis and re-analysis of the many recent molecular data sets that pertain to higher level relationships among parrots. On one hand, their analysis of 307 taxa and 30 genes reinforces much of what has been learned in recent years about higher level relationships.…”

Section: Phylogenetic Pathway Through Dazzling Diversitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The trend of recent years to split genera of parrots shows no sign of abating. Finally, Provost et al (2018) have set the stage for a further assessment through genomic methods. Parrots are likely a microcosm of such work in many higher vertebrates, not just birds.…”

Section: Phylogenetic Pathway Through Dazzling Diversitymentioning

confidence: 99%