Resistensi Malathion dan Aktivitas Enzim Esterase pada Populasi Nyamuk Aedes aegypti di Kabupaten Pekalongan

Abstract

Pekalongan regency, Central Java (Indonesia) is one of area which experienced with Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) incidence since many years ago. The extensive use of insecticides for dengue vector control has been carried out for long period in Pekalongan Regency. This fact stimulate the need to study the resistence status and esterase enzyme avtivity of Aedes aegypti to Malathion. The research was conducted in April-November 2014. Insecticide susceptibility assays were performed on F1 generation of wild-caught adult female Ae. aegypti mosquitoes from Simbangkulon Village Buaran Sub district, Kedungwuni Barat Village Kedungwuni Sub dsitrict and Karangsari Village Karanganyar Sub district, with the diagnostic doses of malathion (0,8%). Esterase enzyme activity of these mosquitoes was tested biochemically to find out the mechanisms of resistance to Malathion. Mosquitoes mortality as a result of Malathion effect showed variation in range from 3.33 to 13.75% in all study sites. That result indicated that Ae.aegypti mosquitoes are resistant to Malathion in all study sites . Based on biochemical assays, there was an increase if esterase enztyme activity of Ae aegypti in all study sites.. Therefore, alpha esterase enzyme activity could be associated with the mechanisms which responsible to malathion resistance in Ae. aegypti in Pekalongan. The results of this study provided the information about the malathion resistance status of Ae. aegypti in Pekalongan, and biochemical mechanisms which essential for monitoring the insecticide resistance in this area.

Aedes aegypti vector resistance status on malation and activity of non specific esteration enzymes in Tembalang district, Semarang city

“…Resistance caused by enzyme activity usually occurs when the enzyme blocks the insecticide compounds from reaching their targets. 12 Tackling problems of the resistance in addition to controlling uses of the insecticides in a controlled and directed manner is also necessary to replace uses of chemical insecticides such as organophosphate with bioinsecticides and mosquito breeding programs (PSN) that are encouraged by the Indonesian government (drain, cover, bury) and are supported by public awareness to maintain hygiene and health. 3…”

STATUS RESISTENSI Aedes aegypti TERHADAP MALATHION 0,8% DI KELURAHAN LABUH BARU TIMUR KECAMATAN PAYUNG SEKAKI KOTA PEKANBARU

“…Terdapat empat mekanisme yang menyebabkan terjadinya resistensi yaitu mutasi target site, berkurangnya penetrasi senyawa insektisida ke tubuh serangga karena perubahan lapisan kutikula pada kulit atau integument, perubahan prilaku nyamuk, dan peningkatan detoksifikasi karena enzim-enzim tertentu seperti esterase, gluthation stransferase, dan sitokrom P450 monooksigenase 12,13,[18][19][20] . doi:10.24843.MU.2023.V12.i4.P07 Nyamuk dapat menjadi resisten apabila terjadi salah satu atau lebih dari mekanisme tersebut 11 . Diantara mekanisme resistensi tersebut, mekanisme utama terjadinya resistensi adalah karena mutasi target site dan meningkatnya metabolisme insektisida (resistensi metabolik) 21 .…”

STATUS RESISTENSI Aedes aegypti TERHADAP MALATHION 0,8% DI KELURAHAN LABUH BARU TIMUR KECAMATAN PAYUNG SEKAKI KOTA PEKANBARU

“…Terdapat empat mekanisme yang menyebabkan terjadinya resistensi yaitu mutasi target site, berkurangnya penetrasi senyawa insektisida ke tubuh serangga karena perubahan lapisan kutikula pada kulit atau integument, perubahan prilaku nyamuk, dan peningkatan detoksifikasi karena enzim-enzim tertentu seperti esterase, gluthation stransferase, dan sitokrom P450 monooksigenase 12,13,[18][19][20] . Nyamuk dapat menjadi resisten apabila terjadi salah satu atau lebih dari mekanisme tersebut 11 . Diantara mekanisme resistensi tersebut, mekanisme utama terjadinya resistensi adalah karena mutasi target site dan meningkatnya metabolisme insektisida (resistensi metabolik) 21 .…”