Resistance Training With Partial Blood Flow Restriction in a 99-Year-Old Individual: A Case Report

Scarpelli, Maíra Camargo; Bergamasco, João Guilherme Almeida; Arruda, Estevan A. de Barros; Cook, Summer B.; Libardi, Cleiton Augusto

doi:10.3389/fspor.2021.671764

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 46 publications

(71 reference statements)

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“…Another study reported that after 24 sessions of resistance training with blood flow restriction (BFR), a 12% increase in muscle cross-section and an 8% increase in lateral extensor muscle thickness were observed in 90-year-olds. Finally, the researchers identified resistance training with BFR as an effective strategy for improving muscle mass and quality of life ( 12 ). In this study, we intend to investigate the effects of sarcopenic obesity and exercise on the mechanisms of myocytes and adipocytes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exercise Therapy for People With Sarcopenic Obesity: Myokines and Adipokines as Effective Actors

Pahlavani

2022

Front. Endocrinol.

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Sarcopenic obesity is defined as a multifactorial disease in aging with decreased body muscle, decreased muscle strength, decreased independence, increased fat mass, due to decreased physical activity, changes in adipokines and myokines, and decreased satellite cells. People with sarcopenic obesity cause harmful changes in myokines and adipokines. These changes are due to a decrease interleukin-10 (IL-10), interleukin-15 (IL-15), insulin-like growth factor hormone (IGF-1), irisin, leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF), fibroblast growth factor-21 (FGF-21), adiponectin, and apelin. While factors such as myostatin, leptin, interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-8 (IL-8), and resistin increase. The consequences of these changes are an increase in inflammatory factors, increased degradation of muscle proteins, increased fat mass, and decreased muscle tissue, which exacerbates sarcopenia obesity. In contrast, exercise, especially strength training, reverses this process, which includes increasing muscle protein synthesis, increasing myogenesis, increasing mitochondrial biogenesis, increasing brown fat, reducing white fat, reducing inflammatory factors, and reducing muscle atrophy. Since some people with chronic diseases are not able to do high-intensity strength training, exercises with blood flow restriction (BFR) are newly recommended. Numerous studies have shown that low-intensity BFR training produces the same increase in hypertrophy and muscle strength such as high-intensity strength training. Therefore, it seems that exercise interventions with BFR can be an effective way to prevent the exacerbation of sarcopenia obesity. However, due to limited studies on adipokines and exercises with BFR in people with sarcopenic obesity, more research is needed.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exercise Therapy for People With Sarcopenic Obesity: Myokines and Adipokines as Effective Actors

Pahlavani

2022

Front. Endocrinol.

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“… 151 In a study conducted by Scarpelli et al, it was implemented on a 99-year-old patient with knee osteoarthritis and secondary sarcopenia. 152 After 24 sessions of treatment, the lateral femoris muscle exhibited a 12% increase in cross-sectional area, an 8% increase in thickness, and an improvement in quality of life based on a questionnaire score. The utilization of electrical stimulation to enhance muscle function and facilitate weight has gained popularity in recent years.…”

Section: Other Non-pharmacological Strategiesmentioning

confidence: 97%

Non-Pharmacological Strategies for Managing Sarcopenia in Chronic Diseases

Hu,

Wang,

et al. 2024

CIA

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This article focuses on a range of non-pharmacological strategies for managing sarcopenia in chronic diseases, including exercise, dietary supplements, traditional Chinese exercise, intestinal microecology, and rehabilitation therapies for individuals with limited limb movement. By analyzing multiple studies, the article aims to summarize the available evidence to manage sarcopenia in individuals with chronic diseases. The results strongly emphasize the role of resistance training in addressing chronic diseases and secondary sarcopenia. Maintaining the appropriate frequency and intensity of resistance training can help prevent muscle atrophy and effectively reduce inflammation. Although aerobic exercise has limited ability to improve skeletal muscle mass, it does have some positive effects on physical function. Building upon this, the article explores the potential benefits of combined training approaches, highlighting their helpfulness for overall quality of life. Additionally, the article also highlights the importance of dietary supplements in combating muscle atrophy in chronic diseases. It focuses on the importance of protein intake, supplements rich in essential amino acids and omega-3, as well as sufficient vitamin D to prevent muscle atrophy. Combining exercise with dietary supplements appears to be an effective strategy for preventing sarcopenia, although the optimal dosage and type of supplement remain unclear. Furthermore, the article explores the potential benefits of intestinal microecology in sarcopenia. Probiotics, prebiotics, and bacterial products are suggested as new treatment options for sarcopenia. Additionally, emerging therapies such as whole body vibration training, blood flow restriction, and electrical stimulation show promise in treating sarcopenia with limited limb movement. Overall, this article provides valuable insights into non-pharmacological strategies for managing sarcopenia in individuals with chronic diseases. It emphasizes the importance of a holistic and integrated approach that incorporates exercise, nutrition, and multidisciplinary interventions, which have the potential to promote health in the elderly population. Future research should prioritize high-quality randomized controlled trials and utilize wearable devices, smartphone applications, and other advanced surveillance methods to investigate the most effective intervention strategies for sarcopenia associated with different chronic diseases.

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“…Indeed, there may even be clinical scenarios where the practice of heavy-load training is contraindicated such as in early rehabilitation for acute tendinopathies or tendon rupture, or in patients who are frail, elderly or have significant medical co-morbidities [260]. The 'one-size-fitsall' approach to tendinopathy rehabilitation of prescribing heavy-load resistance training which has become widespread in recent years, is an unrealistic and potentially counterproductive and detrimental practice [261]. There is significant heterogeneity which exists within tendinopathy as a disease entity and in its environmental and clinical presentation, due to the unique individual factors and circumstances of each patient [262].…”

Section: Clinical Implications and Practical Applicationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Blood Flow Restriction Training for Tendinopathy Rehabilitation: A Potential Alternative to Traditional Heavy-Load Resistance Training

Burton¹

2022

Rheumato

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Tendinopathy is a chronic tendon disease which can cause significant pain and functional limitations for individuals, and which collectively places a tremendous burden on society. Resistance training has long been considered the treatment of choice in the rehabilitation of chronic tendinopathies, with both eccentric and heavy slow resistance training demonstrating positive clinical effects. The application of progressive tendon loads during rehabilitation is essential to not compromise tendon healing, with the precise dosage parameters of resistance training and external loading a critical consideration. Blood-flow restriction training (BFRT) has become an increasingly popular method of resistance training in recent years and has been shown to be an effective method for enhancing muscle strength and hypertrophy in healthy populations and in musculoskeletal rehabilitation. Traditional resistance training for tendinopathy requires the application of heavy training loads, whereas BFRT utilises significantly lower loads and training intensities, which may be more appropriate for certain clinical populations. Despite evidence confirming the positive muscular adaptations derived from BFRT and the clinical benefits found for other musculoskeletal conditions, BFRT has received a dearth of attention in tendon rehabilitation. Therefore, the purpose of this narrative review was threefold: firstly, to give an overview and analysis of the mechanisms and outcomes of BFRT in both healthy populations and in musculoskeletal rehabilitation. Secondly, to give an overview of the evidence to date on the effects of BFRT on healthy tendon properties and clinical outcomes when applied to tendon pathology. Finally, a discussion on the clinical utility of BFRT and its potential applications within tendinopathy rehabilitation, including as a compliment to traditional heavy-load training, is presented.

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Resistance Training With Partial Blood Flow Restriction in a 99-Year-Old Individual: A Case Report

Cited by 7 publications

References 46 publications

Exercise Therapy for People With Sarcopenic Obesity: Myokines and Adipokines as Effective Actors

Exercise Therapy for People With Sarcopenic Obesity: Myokines and Adipokines as Effective Actors

Non-Pharmacological Strategies for Managing Sarcopenia in Chronic Diseases

Blood Flow Restriction Training for Tendinopathy Rehabilitation: A Potential Alternative to Traditional Heavy-Load Resistance Training

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