Resistance to xenobiotics and parasites: can we count the cost?

Coustau, Christine; Chevillon, Christine; ffrench-Constant, Richard H.

doi:10.1016/s0169-5347(00)01929-7

Cited by 289 publications

(311 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…Furthermore, when they were returned to the control environment, U, NaCl and U/NaCl populations showed lower fertility than the control populations (Figure 2), indicating adaptation costs incurred by the adaptive evolution in a polluted environment. Previous studies have also shown adaptation costs associated with evolution in response to pollutants (Jansen, Stoks, et al., 2011; Mireji et al., 2010; Shirley & Sibly, 1999; Ward & Robinson, 2005; Xie & Klerks, 2003 but see Coustau et al., 2000; Reznick et al., 2000; McCart et al., 2005; Lopes et al., 2008). Such costs limit the ability of polluted populations to deal with their new environmental conditions once the environment is depolluted.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Our results confirm the existence of trade‐offs between adaptation to a particular stressor and the capacity of a population to cope with other future stressors (Coustau et al., 2000; Roff & Fairbairn, 2007). Furthermore, we have shown that adaptive costs can appear very quickly in the presence of a pollutant (Jansen, Stoks, et al., 2011; Salice et al., 2010; Xie & Klerks, 2003).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For instance, some populations have been shown to evolve rapidly in response to several pollutants, such as xenobiotics or heavy metals (Jansen, Stoks, Coors, van Doorslaer, & de Meester, 2011; Lopes, Sucena, Santos, & Magalhães, 2008; Salice, Anderson, & Roesijadi, 2010; Shirley & Sibly, 1999; Ward & Robinson, 2005; Xie & Klerks, 2003), and there is strong evidence that adaptive changes in response to selection in a given environment can happen over just a few generations (Hoffmann & Parsons, 1991; Morgan, Kille, & Stürzenbaum, 2007). However, such adaptive response is often hypothesized to come with a cost that constrains future evolutionary potential in several ways (Bergelson & Purrington, 1996; Coustau, Chevillon, & ffrench‐Constant, 2000). Firstly, rapid adaptation can be associated with a reduction in genetic diversity (Athrey, Leberg, & Klerks, 2007; Ward & Robinson, 2005), which may restrict the population from dealing with future selection pressures (Jansen, Stoks, et al., 2011; Salice et al., 2010; Xie & Klerks, 2003).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Adaptation costs to constant and alternating polluted environments

Dutilleul

Réale

Goussen

et al. 2017

Evolutionary Applications

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Some populations quickly adapt to strong and novel selection pressures caused by anthropogenic stressors. However, this short‐term evolutionary response to novel and harsh environmental conditions may lead to adaptation costs, and evaluating these costs is important if we want to understand the evolution of resistance to anthropogenic stressors. In this experimental evolution study, we exposed Caenorhabditis elegans populations to uranium (U populations), salt (NaCl populations) and alternating uranium/salt treatments (U/NaCl populations) and to a control environment (C populations), over 22 generations. In parallel, we ran common‐garden and reciprocal‐transplant experiments to assess the adaptive costs for populations that have evolved in the different environmental conditions. Our results showed rapid evolutionary changes in life history characteristics of populations exposed to the different pollution regimes. Furthermore, adaptive costs depended on the type of pollutant: pollution‐adapted populations had lower fitness than C populations, when the populations were returned to their original environment. Fitness in uranium environments was lower for NaCl populations than for U populations. In contrast, fitness in salt environments was similar between U and NaCl populations. Moreover, fitness of U/NaCl populations showed similar or higher fitness in both the uranium and the salt environments compared to populations adapted to constant uranium or salt environments. Our results show that adaptive evolution to a particular stressor can lead to either adaptive costs or benefits once in contact with another stressor. Furthermore, we did not find any evidence that adaptation to alternating stressors was associated with additional adaption costs. This study highlights the need to incorporate adaptive cost assessments when undertaking ecological risk assessments of pollutants.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Adaptation costs to constant and alternating polluted environments

Dutilleul

Réale

Goussen

et al. 2017

Evolutionary Applications

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“…This idea is based on the assumption that adaptation to a new environment involves alterations in a previous, optimal phenotype that had been shaped by the various selection pressures of the ancestral environment (Coustau, Chevillon, & ffrench‐Constant, 2000). Alterations present in the new phenotype should be deleterious to survival in the ancestral environment.…”

Section: Ecological Considerationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

When evolution is the solution to pollution: Key principles, and lessons from rapid repeated adaptation of killifish (Fundulus heteroclitus) populations

Whitehead

Clark

Reid

et al. 2017

Evolutionary Applications

120

102

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For most species, evolutionary adaptation is not expected to be sufficiently rapid to buffer the effects of human‐mediated environmental changes, including environmental pollution. Here we review how key features of populations, the characteristics of environmental pollution, and the genetic architecture underlying adaptive traits, may interact to shape the likelihood of evolutionary rescue from pollution. Large populations of Atlantic killifish (Fundulus heteroclitus) persist in some of the most contaminated estuaries of the United States, and killifish studies have provided some of the first insights into the types of genomic changes that enable rapid evolutionary rescue from complexly degraded environments. We describe how selection by industrial pollutants and other stressors has acted on multiple populations of killifish and posit that extreme nucleotide diversity uniquely positions this species for successful evolutionary adaptation. Mechanistic studies have identified some of the genetic underpinnings of adaptation to a well‐studied class of toxic pollutants; however, multiple genetic regions under selection in wild populations seem to reflect more complex responses to diverse native stressors and/or compensatory responses to primary adaptation. The discovery of these pollution‐adapted killifish populations suggests that the evolutionary influence of anthropogenic stressors as selective agents occurs widely. Yet adaptation to chemical pollution in terrestrial and aquatic vertebrate wildlife may rarely be a successful “solution to pollution” because potentially adaptive phenotypes may be complex and incur fitness costs, and therefore be unlikely to evolve quickly enough, especially in species with small population sizes.

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“…Mutations conferring resistance to xenobiotics are generally expected to incur a fitness cost in the absence of this selection pressure (Coustau et al, 2000;Andersson, 2006). The question of 'fitness cost' has long been discussed for wild populations of any organism acquiring resistance genes to antibiotics, pesticides and pests and is still a hot debate involving important evolutionary and applied perspectives (Andersson, 2006;FfrenchConstant, 2007;Orgil et al, 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A herbicide-resistant ACCase 1781 Setaria mutant shows higher fitness than wild type

et al. 2010

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It is often alleged that mutations conferring herbicide resistance have a negative impact on plant fitness. A mutant ACCase1781 allele endowing resistance to the sethoxydim herbicide was introgressed from a resistant green foxtail (Setaria viridis (L.) Beauv) population into foxtail millet (S. italica (L.) Beauv.). (1) Better and earlier growth of resistant plants was observed in a greenhouse cabinet. (2) Resistant plants of the advanced BC7 backcross generation showed more vigorous juvenile growth in the field, earlier flowering, more tillers and higher numbers of grains than susceptible plants did, especially when both genotypes were grown in mixture, but their seeds were lighter than susceptible seeds. (3) Field populations originating from segregating hybrids had the expected allele frequencies under normal growth conditions, but showed a genotype shift toward an excess of homozygous resistant plants within 3 years in stressful conditions. Lower seed size, lower germination rate and perhaps unexplored differences in seed longevity and predation could explain how the resistant plants have the same field fitness over the whole life cycle as the susceptible ones although they produce more seeds. More rapid growth kinetics probably accounted for higher fitness of the resistant plants in adverse conditions. The likelihood of a linkage with a beneficial gene is discussed versus the hypothesis of a pleiotropic effect of the ACCase resistance allele. It is suggested that autogamous species like Setaria could not develop a resistant population without the help of a linkage with a gene producing a higher fitness.

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Resistance to xenobiotics and parasites: can we count the cost?

Cited by 289 publications

References 46 publications

Adaptation costs to constant and alternating polluted environments

Adaptation costs to constant and alternating polluted environments

When evolution is the solution to pollution: Key principles, and lessons from rapid repeated adaptation of killifish (Fundulus heteroclitus) populations

A herbicide-resistant ACCase 1781 Setaria mutant shows higher fitness than wild type

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