Resistance to Vancomycin, LY333328, Ciprofloxacin and Trovafloxacin of Community-Acquired and Nosocomial Strains of &lt;i&gt;Enterococcus faecalis&lt;/i&gt; Isolated in Badajoz (Spain) with and without High-Level Resistance to Streptomycin and Gentamicin

Sánchez-Silos, R.M.; Pérez-Giraldo, Ciro; Blanco, M. T.; Morán, F. J.; Hurtado, C.; Gómez-García, A. C.

doi:10.1159/000048552

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 7 publications

(5 reference statements)

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“… b See lettered footnotes for cited references: (a) [19,71,73,76–78,89,137–144], (b) [19,21,71,73,74,76–78,89,137–142], (c) [72–74,76–78,84,89,138,140,141,145], (d) [73,76–78,89,93,140,145], (e) [73,76–79,140,141], (f) [73,76,77,141], (g) [73,76,77,140], (h) [73], (i) [73,77], (j) [73,77,82], (k) [82], (l) [77,82]. …”

Section: Antibacterial Activity Of Oritavancinmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the majority of cases, Mueller–Hinton media were used. (a) E. faecalis data [76–78,89,137,139,142,144], (b) E. faecium data [76–78,89,138–143], (c) E. faecium and E. faecalis data [19,71–73], (d) E. faecalis data [75,146], (e) E. faecium data [75], (f) E. faecalis data [19,71,73], (g) E. faecium data [21,74,76,77,89,137–142], (h) E. faecium and E. faecalis data [76–78,89], (i) E. faecalis data [75], (j) E. faecium data [75,146], (k) [71,73,139], (l) [75].…”

Section: Antibacterial Activity Of Oritavancinmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mechanism of action of oritavancin and related glycopeptide antibiotics

2003

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Oritavancin (LY333328) is a semisynthetic glycopeptide antibiotic having excellent bactericidal activity against glycopeptide-susceptible and -resistant Gram-positive bacteria. Oritavancin is the N-alkyl-p-chlorophenylbenzyl derivative of chloroeremomycin (LY264826) and is currently in phase III clinical trials for use in Gram-positive infections. Studies show that oritavancin and related alkyl glycopeptides inhibit bacterial cell wall formation by blocking the transglycosylation step in peptidoglycan biosynthesis in a substrate-dependent manner. As with other glycopeptide antibiotics, including vancomycin, the effects of oritavancin on cell wall synthesis are attributable to interactions with dipeptidyl residues of peptidoglycan precursors. Unlike vancomycin, however, oritavancin is strongly dimerized and can anchor to the cytoplasmic membrane, the latter facilitated by its alkyl side chain. Cooperative interactions derived from dimerization and membrane anchoring in situ can be of sufficient strength to enable binding to either dipeptidyl or didepsipeptidyl peptidoglycan residues of vancomycin-susceptible and -resistant enterococci, respectively. This review describes the antibacterial activity of oritavancin, and examines the evidence supporting the proposed mechanism of action for this agent and related analogs.

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Section: Antibacterial Activity Of Oritavancinmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Antibacterial Activity Of Oritavancinmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanism of action of oritavancin and related glycopeptide antibiotics

2003

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“…Its activity against enterococci is not affected by the presence of vanA-, vanB-, or vanC-mediated vancomycin resistance 10,[12][13][14][15][16][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27] or aminoglycoside resistance. 28 Its activity against pneumococci and viridans streptococci is not affected by the presence of intermediate-or high-level penicillin resistance. 11,15,16,19,20 In addition, the presence of methicillin resistance does not affect the activity of oritavancin against Staphylococcus aureus or coagulase-negative staphylococci.…”

Section: Oritavancinmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oritavancin and Tigecycline: Investigational Antimicrobials for Multidrug‐Resistant Bacteria

Guay

2004

Pharmacotherapy

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The advent of multidrug-resistant gram-positive aerobes such as Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, and the enterococci, which are resistant to beta-lactams, vancomycin, and a host of other commonly used antimicrobials, has complicated our approach to antibiotic therapy. Despite marketing of the first oxazolidinone, linezolid, and the streptogramin combination, quinupristin-dalfopristin, an urgent need exists for more agents to combat these pathogens. Two such agents, the glycopeptide oritavancin (LY333328) and the glycylcycline tigecycline (GAR-936), are in phase III clinical trials. These agents, which require parenteral administration, exhibit substantial in vitro activity against a variety of gram-positive aerobes and anaerobes, including the multidrug-resistant organisms listed previously. Only tigecycline demonstrates useful activity against gram-negative organisms. Combination therapy of these agents with ampicillin or aminoglycosides frequently leads to synergistic in vitro activity against multidrug-resistant staphylococci and streptococci. These agents are also active in a variety of animal models of systemic and localized infections. Few published efficacy and tolerability data are available in humans. If controlled clinical trial data verify these agents' efficacy and tolerability, both drugs should become welcome additions to the available antimicrobials. However, restricting their use to the treatment of infections caused by bacteria resistant to other antimicrobials, especially multidrug-resistant staphylococci and streptococci, may prolong their clinical utility by retarding the development of resistance. Careful surveillance of bacterial sensitivity to these agents should be undertaken to assist clinicians in the decision whether or not to use these agents empirically to treat infections caused by suspected multidrug-resistant gram-positive pathogens.

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“…patients showing relapse/treatment failure, compulsory withdrawal of isoniazid and rifampicin, TB meningitis, HIV-infected TB patients receiving protease inhibitors, and certain cases of multidrug resistant TB [4] . In addition, among aminoglycosides it is associated with the least resistance and exhibits no cross-resistance to other aminoglycosides [5] . Therefore, it is desirable to explore the means of delivering streptomycin by the oral route.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanoparticle-Based Oral Drug Delivery System for an Injectable Antibiotic – Streptomycin

Pandey

Khuller²

2007

Chemotherapy

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Background: To develop an oral drug delivery system for an injectable antibiotic, streptomycin. Methods: Poly-lactide-co-glycolide (PLG) nanoparticles encapsulating streptomycin were prepared by the multiple emulsion technique and administered orally to mice for biodistribution and chemotherapeutic studies. Results: The mean particle size was 153.12 nm with 32.12 ± 4.08% drug encapsulation and 14.28 ± 2.83% drug loading. Streptomycin levels were maintained for 4 days in the plasma and for 7 days in the organs following a single oral administration of PLG nanoparticles. There was a 21-fold increase in the relative bioavailability of PLG-encapsulated streptomycin compared with intramuscular free drug. In Mycobacterium tuberculosis H₃₇Rv infected mice, eight doses of the oral streptomycin formulation administered weekly were comparable to 24 intramuscular injections of free streptomycin. Further, the nanoparticle formulation did not result in nephrotoxicity as assessed on a biochemical basis. Conclusion: Our results suggest that nanoencapsulation might be useful for developing a suitable oral dosage form for streptomycin and perhaps for other antibiotics that are otherwise injectable.

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Resistance to Vancomycin, LY333328, Ciprofloxacin and Trovafloxacin of Community-Acquired and Nosocomial Strains of <i>Enterococcus faecalis</i> Isolated in Badajoz (Spain) with and without High-Level Resistance to Streptomycin and Gentamicin

Cited by 5 publications

References 7 publications

Mechanism of action of oritavancin and related glycopeptide antibiotics

Mechanism of action of oritavancin and related glycopeptide antibiotics

Oritavancin and Tigecycline: Investigational Antimicrobials for Multidrug‐Resistant Bacteria

Nanoparticle-Based Oral Drug Delivery System for an Injectable Antibiotic – Streptomycin

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