Resistance to sliding of orthodontic appliances in the dry and wet states: Influence of archwire alloy, interbracket distance, and bracket engagement

Kusy, Robert P.; Whitley, Julia

doi:10.1002/1097-4636(20001215)52:4<797::aid-jbm25>3.0.co;2-9

Cited by 59 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 21 publications

(37 reference statements)

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“…Furthermore, it has been found that short-term temperature changes can affect the stiffness of an archwire, 21,22 which is correlated with friction and binding. 15,23,24 However, no studies have been conducted on the effect of oral temperature changes with respect to friction. The aims of the study were to investigate the influence of bracket bevel design and oral environment on frictional resistance.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of bracket bevel design and oral environmental factors on frictional resistance

Chang¹,

Lee²,

Liu³

2013

The Angle Orthodontist

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Objective: To investigate the effects of bracket bevel design and oral environmental factors (saliva, temperature) on frictional resistance. Materials and Methods: Five types of brackets, namely a conventional bracket (Omni-arch), an active self-ligating bracket (Clippy), and three passive self-ligating brackets (Carriere, Damon, and Tenbrook T1) coupled with a 0.014-inch austenitic nickel-titanium archwire were tested. In the experimental model, which used a group of five identical brackets, the center bracket was displaced 3 mm to mimic the binding effects. The friction experiments were performed at three temperatures (20uC, 37uC, 55uC) in a dry or a wet (artificial saliva) state. Finally, the surfaces of the bracket slots were observed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) before and after the friction tests. Results: The sliding frictional force was significantly influenced by the bracket slot bevel and saliva whether in the active or passive configuration (P , .05). The frictional force significantly increased as the temperature increased in the active configuration (P , .01). Based on the SEM observations, a correlation was found among the level of frictional force, the bevel angle, and the depth of scratches on bracket bevels. Conclusion: Frictional force can be reduced by increasing the bevel angle and by lowering the oral temperature, whereas the presence of saliva increases frictional resistance. (Angle Orthod. 2013;83:956-965.)

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of bracket bevel design and oral environmental factors on frictional resistance

Chang¹,

Lee²,

Liu³

2013

The Angle Orthodontist

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“…A range of techniques have been used to examine the lubricating properties of saliva and its components, including atomic force microscopy (AFM) [41][42][43] and simple tribometers [21,23,[44][45][46][47][48][49]. These studies primarily focus on the influence of saliva, the acquired pellicle (a proteinacious layer on the enamel surface) and saliva substitutes on the tribological properties of enamel/teeth surfaces and orthodontic materials.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Lubricating Properties of Human Whole Saliva

2007

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We demonstrate the efficient boundary lubricating properties of human whole saliva (HWS) in a soft hydrophobic rubbing contact, consisting of a poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) ball and a PDMS disk. The influence of applied load, entrainment speed and surface roughness was investigated for mechanically stimulated HWS. Lubrication by HWS results in a boundary friction coefficient of l % 0.02, two orders of magnitude lower than that obtained for water. Dried saliva on the other hand results in l % 2-3, illustrating the importance of hydration for efficient salivary lubrication. Increasing the surface roughness increases the friction coefficient for HWS, while it decreases that for water. The boundary lubricating properties of HWS are less sensitive to saliva treatment than are its bulk viscoelastic properties. Centrifugation and ageing of HWS almost completely removes the shear thinning and elastic nature observed for fresh HWS. In contrast, the boundary friction coefficients are hardly affected, which indicates that the high-M w (supra-)molecular structures in saliva, which are expected to be responsible for its rheology, are not responsible for its boundary lubricating properties. The saliva-coated PDMS surfaces form an ideal model system for ex-vivo investigations into oral lubrication and how the lubricating properties of saliva are influenced by other components like food, beverages, oral care products and pharmaceuticals.

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“…Moreover, the presence of saliva appears to have no significant influence on the reduction of frictional force. 17 The samples were analyzed after removal from the oral environment, which may have caused drying of the residues on the orthodontic wire surfaces. However, this drying may also occur during clinical use, when they remain in the oral cavity for months.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of time and pH on physical-chemical properties of orthodontic brackets and wires

Santos

Pithon

Carlo

et al. 2015

The Angle Orthodontist

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Objective: To test the hypothesis that treatment time, debris/biofilm, and oral pH have an influence on the physical-chemical properties of orthodontic brackets and arch wires. Materials and Methods: One hundred twenty metal brackets were evaluated. They were divided into four groups (n 5 30) according to treatment time: group C (control) and groups T12, T24, and T36 (brackets recovered after 12, 24, and 36 months of treatment, respectively). Rectangular stainless-steel arch wires that remained in the oral cavity for 12 to 24 months were also analyzed. Dimensional stability, surface morphology, composition of brackets, resistance to sliding of the bracket-wire set, surface roughness of wires, and oral pH were analyzed. One-way analysis of variance, followed by a Tukey multiple comparisons test, was used for statistical analysis (P , .05).Results: Carbon and oxygen were shown to be elements that increased expressively and in direct proportion to time, and there was a progressive increase in the coefficient of friction and roughness of wires as a function of time of clinical use after 36 months. Oral pH showed a significant difference between group T36 and its control (P 5 .014). Conclusions: The hypothesis was partially accepted: treatment time and biofilm and debris accumulation in bracket slots were shown to have more influence on the degradation process and frictional force of these devices than did oral pH. (Angle Orthod. 2015;85:298-304.)

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Resistance to sliding of orthodontic appliances in the dry and wet states: Influence of archwire alloy, interbracket distance, and bracket engagement

Cited by 59 publications

References 21 publications

Effect of bracket bevel design and oral environmental factors on frictional resistance

Effect of bracket bevel design and oral environmental factors on frictional resistance

The Lubricating Properties of Human Whole Saliva

Effect of time and pH on physical-chemical properties of orthodontic brackets and wires

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