Resistance to overland flow on semiarid grassland and shrubland hillslopes, Walnut Gulch, southern Arizona

Abrahams, Athol D.; Parsons, Anthony J.; Wainwright, John

doi:10.1016/0022-1694(94)90088-4

Cited by 137 publications

(120 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Three parameters have been proposed to evaluate crop water flow resistance: Manning's roughness coefficient n, the Chezy factor C, and the Darcy-Weisbach resistance coefficient f. The relative advantages and disadvantages of the three methods of measuring water flow resistance have been considered by several researchers. Abrahams et al (1994) found Darcy-Weisbach coefficient better than the Manning's coefficient because it can be applied to different flow states. Noarayanan et al (2012) tested Manning's roughness coefficient under different water flow conditions and plant parameters and concluded that Manning's roughness coefficient is ideal for calculating and describing surface shallow flow resistance.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simulation study of anisotropic flow resistance of farmland vegetation

Zhang¹,

Yin²,

Zhang³

et al. 2017

Soil & Water Res.

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Farmland vegetation is commonly cultivated with uniform planting spacing and heights. The effect of these features on resistance to hydraulic erosion is unclear. Hydraulic model experiments with the angle between the crop rows and the water flow direction set at 15°, 30°, 45° or 90° were conducted to analyze variation in the law of water flow resistance under partial or complete submergence of the crop. Cultivation can impact the flow resistance on slopes and this effect was greater when the crop was partially submerged. When planting spacing, slope, and water depth were constant, the change of the water flow Darcy-Weisbach resistance coefficient f with crop row-water flow angle was f 15° > f 30° > f 45° > f 90°. This suggests that flow resistance of farmland vegetation is anisotropic. The water flow resistance coefficient of crops that were partly submerged increased with water depth, but decreased with water depth when the crop was completely submerged. At the critical change from partial submergence to complete submergence, the water flow resistance coefficient was the highest when water depth was equal to crop height. These results may be useful for optimizing farmland planting and soil and water conservation.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simulation study of anisotropic flow resistance of farmland vegetation

Zhang¹,

Yin²,

Zhang³

et al. 2017

Soil & Water Res.

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“…These effects are likely to change markedly with increases in global temperatures, increases in the severity of high intensity rainfall events, and greater spatial variability in groundcover and therefore the capacity of the soil to resist erosion. The replacement of grassland by shrubland exposes more of the surface to the action of raindrop impact resulting in accelerated erosion and potential sedimentation (Abrahams et al, 1994). These regional studies reinforce the notion that more catchment-specific data are needed for both the ecological (e.g., tree rooting depth, canopy architecture and structure, depth of water intake) and hydrological (soil texture and hydraulic conductivity, soil moisture availability, hydrological connectivity) components of these systems, in order to improve our catchment wide modeling of the likely ecohydrological effects of vegetation change.…”

Section: The Effects On Regional Hydrological Processesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dryland ecohydrology and climate change: critical issues and technical advances

Wang

D’Odorico

Evans

et al. 2012

Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci.

261

135

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Abstract. Drylands cover about 40 % of the terrestrial land surface and account for approximately 40 % of global net primary productivity. Water is fundamental to the biophysical processes that sustain ecosystem function and food production, particularly in drylands where a tight coupling exists between ecosystem productivity, surface energy balance, biogeochemical cycles, and water resource availability. Currently, drylands support at least 2 billion people and comprise both natural and managed ecosystems. In this synthesis, we identify some current critical issues in the understanding of dryland systems and discuss how arid and semiarid environments are responding to the changes in climate and land use. The issues range from societal aspects such as rapid population growth, the resulting food and water security, and development issues, to natural aspects such as ecohydrological consequences of bush encroachment and the causes of desertification. To improve current understanding and inform upon the needed research efforts to address these critical issues, we identify some recent technical advances in terms of monitoring dryland water dynamics, water budget and vegetation water use, with a focus on the use of stable isotopes and remote sensing. These technological advances provide new tools that assist in addressing critical issues in dryland ecohydrology under climate change.

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“…In addition, removal of fallen litter from mowed plots likely caused similar litter coverage in both treatments, and litter coverage is an important factor influencing resistance to shallow overland flow generated by surface inflows and nonrainfall conditions (Engman 1986;Abrahams et al 1994).…”

Section: Influence Of Mowed Buffers On Runoffmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of mowing and narrow grass buffer widths on reductions in sediment, nutrients, and bacteria in surface runoff

et al. 2015

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S. 2015. Influence of mowing and narrow grass buffer widths on reductions in sediment, nutrients, and bacteria in surface runoff. Can. J. Soil Sci. 95: 139Á151. Little research has been conducted on the effect of mowing and buffer width on the effectiveness of short-width (B10 m) native grass buffers to filter sediment, nutrients, and bacteria. A 2-yr (2011Á2012) field study was conducted on native rangeland in southern Alberta. The treatments of mowing and buffer width (1.5, 3, 6 m) were evaluated using a randomized complete block design with four replicates. The buffer plots were pre-wet with distilled water. A spiked solution was then applied to each plot using a run-on distribution device and the runoff collected every 10 min for 30 min once the runoff started discharging from the plot. The volume of runoff, and percent reduction in concentration and mass of sediment [total dissolved solids (TSS)], phosphorus [dissolved reactive P (DRP), total P], nitrogen (total N), and bacteria (Escherichia coli, total coliforms) in runoff were determined. The findings did not support our hypothesis that percent reductions in concentrations and mass for sediment, nutrients, and bacteria were greater for mowed than unmowed buffers. In contrast, the findings supported our hypothesis that increasing buffer width would significantly (P 50.05) decrease mass (but not concentration) of sediment, nutrients, and bacteria in runoff. The significant mass reduction was attributed to a reduced runoff ratio caused by longer residence time and greater infiltration in the wider buffers. Mass reductions for the three buffer widths ranged from 29 to 92% for TSS, 22 to 93% for DRP, 38 to 93% for total P, 23 to 92% for total N, and between 61 and 94% for E. coli and total coliforms. These findings suggest that buffer width but not mowing may reduce runoff quantity and improve runoff quality over the short term.Key words: Grass buffers, filtering, runoff, sediment, nutrients, bacteria Miller, J. J., Curtis, T., Chanasyk, D. S. et Reedyk, S. 2015. Incidence de la tonte et de la largeur des bandes d'herbe tampon sur la diminution des se´diments, des oligoe´le´ments et des bacte´ries dans le ruissellement de surface. Can. J. Soil Sci. 95: 139Á151. On ne s'est gue`re inte´resse´aux conse´quences de la tonte et de la largeur de la zone tampon sur l'efficacite´des e´troites bandes ( B10 m) de gramine´es indige`nes qui filtrent les se´diments, les oligoe´le´ments et les bacte´ries. Pendant deux ans (2011)(2012), les auteurs ont re´alise´une e´tude sur des parcours indige`nes du sud de l'Alberta. À cette fin, ils ont e´value´la tonte et la largeur de la bande tampon (1,5, 3 et 6 m) dans le cadre d'un essai en blocs ale´atoires complets a`quatre re´pe´titions. Les parcelles ont d'abord e´te´humidifie´es avec de l'eau distille´e, puis on a verse´sur elles une solution enrichie graˆce a`un dispositif de distribution par application directe. Ensuite, les auteurs ont pre´leve´des e´chantillons aux dix minutes pendant trente minutes de`s que l'eau a commen...

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Resistance to overland flow on semiarid grassland and shrubland hillslopes, Walnut Gulch, southern Arizona

Cited by 137 publications

References 16 publications

Simulation study of anisotropic flow resistance of farmland vegetation

Simulation study of anisotropic flow resistance of farmland vegetation

Dryland ecohydrology and climate change: critical issues and technical advances

Influence of mowing and narrow grass buffer widths on reductions in sediment, nutrients, and bacteria in surface runoff

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