Resilience, traumatic brain injury, depression, and posttraumatic stress among Iraq/Afghanistan war veterans.

Abstract

Objective-We examined the prospective influence of the resilient, undercontrolled, and overcontrolled personality prototypes on depression and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms among Iraq/Afghanistan war veterans. After accounting for the possible influence of combat exposure, we expected that the resilient prototype would predict lower depression and PTSD over time and would be associated with adaptive coping strategies, higher social support, lower psychological inflexibility, and higher self-reported resilience relative to the overcontrolled and undercontrolled prototypes, independent of TBI status.

Resilience and Traumatic Brain Injury Among Iraq/Afghanistan War Veterans: Differential Patterns of Adjustment and Quality of Life

“…A two‐step cluster analysis with Ward's method followed by a K‐means analysis was conducted to create clusters from PEM, NEM, and CON scores (see Elliott et al., , for details). Following conventional guidelines, K‐means clustering methods assigned each participant into one of the three resulting clusters, and the Cohen's Kappa coefficient (.67) indicated substantial agreement (Landis & Koch, ).…”

Synaptic Loss and the Pathophysiology of PTSD: Implications for Ketamine as a Prototype Novel Therapeutic

“…PTSD is often comorbid with conditions that independently may contribute to synaptic pruning including aging [52], traumatic brain injury [53], major depression [23•], high levels of alcohol consumption [54–56], and other medical conditions. The connectivity deficits of PTSD may exacerbate the impact of brain injury contributing to synergy in cortical network dysregulation, cognitive dysfunction, symptoms, and functional impairment as well as increased PTSD rates the TBI population [57–59, 60•, 61, 62]. Similar concerns apply to comorbid alcohol use disorders [63].…”

Pain Catastrophizing Mediates the Effect of Psychological Inflexibility on Pain Intensity and Upper Extremity Physical Function in Patients with Upper Extremity Illness

“…An emerging body of research supports the relationship of the general psychological inflexibility construct to negative health outcomes in various populations . Among pain populations, the general psychological inflexibility is associated with disability, anxiety, and quality of life in adolescents with juvenile idiopathic arthritis and plays a central role in the improvement in disability and life satisfaction following ACT for patients with chronic pain after whiplash .…”