Reservoir monitoring and characterization using satellite geodetic data: Interferometric synthetic aperture radar observations from the Krechba field, Algeria

Vasco, D. W.; Ferretti, A.; Novali, F.

doi:10.1190/1.2981184

Cited by 143 publications

(96 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…9. The spatial pattern of surface uplift is consistent with the uplift spread computed by Preisig and Prévost 7 and the satellite imagery presented in Onuma and Ohkawa 5 and Bohloli et al 6 …”

Section: Benchmark To the Case Of The In Salah Projectsupporting

confidence: 72%

“…Ground deformation of up to 7 mm/year has been measured around each of the three injection wells at the In Salah project, Algeria, the largest on-shore CO 2 storage project in the world. 5,6 These geomechanical issues have become a public concern and a research and industry interest for future reservoir integrity design and risk assessment of CO 2 storage projects.…”

Section: J Nmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…5,6,28 Because highly accurate measurements are available, the surface heave at In Salah is considered an ideal benchmark problem for geomechanical modelling. Using these data, Rutqvist et al 8 and Preisig and Prévost 7 investigated the surface uplift around injection well KB501 using 3D and 2D numerical models, respectively.…”

Section: Benchmark To the Case Of The In Salah Projectmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A hydromechanical approach to assess CO2 injection-induced surface uplift and caprock deflection

Barès

Laloui

2015

Geomechanics for Energy and the Environment

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h i g h l i g h t s• A semi-analytical solution is proposed to assess CO 2 injection in deformable medium.• Good agreement is found between the proposed solution and the finite element method.• Geomechanical interactions between a caprock and adjacent regions are examined.• The surface uplift measured at In Salah can be reproduced by the proposed solution.a r t i c l e i n f o b s t r a c tThis study focuses on the derivation of a semi-analytical approach for the evaluation of surface uplift and caprock deflection induced by underground injection of CO 2 . The adopted methodology includes the development of a mathematical model that incorporates the deformable behaviour of the storage reservoir and the flow of two immiscible fluids (CO 2 and brine) within the aquifer while the surface rock or the caprock layer is modelled as a thin plate. Governing equations are solved for the axisymmetric flexural deflection due to a constant rate of CO 2 injection. Both developed solutions are applied to a representative CO 2 storage case solved numerically by the finite element method, and good agreement between results is observed. When benchmarking to the In Salah surface uplift, the developed semi-analytical approach can capture a high rate of surface uplift caused by the pressure build-up during the early stage of CO 2 injection. The required calculation time is very short compared to a classical finite element approach. This method can be employed as a design tool for the analysis of uncertainty in parameters such as the injection rate, porosity, rock properties and geological structures. This semi-analytical approach also provides an efficient means of estimating the influence of high injection rates of CO 2 on surface uplift.

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Section: Benchmark To the Case Of The In Salah Projectsupporting

confidence: 72%

Section: J Nmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Benchmark To the Case Of The In Salah Projectmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A hydromechanical approach to assess CO2 injection-induced surface uplift and caprock deflection

Barès

Laloui

2015

Geomechanics for Energy and the Environment

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“…At the KB502, on the other hand, the injection scheme has been more complex with more variations of the injection rates and the uplift pattern is also more complex with two parallel uplift lobes rather than one single uplift lobe. The two uplift lobes was interpreted in Vasco et al (2008b) to be caused by pressure diffusion along two parallel permeable zones within reservoir. That would suggest that permeability at KB502 is strongly heterogeneous affected by the degree of fracturing and perhaps by intersecting faults (Ringrose et al, 2009).…”

Section: Krechba Site and Observed Ground Deformationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coupled reservoir-geomechanical analysis of CO2 injection and ground deformations at In Salah, Algeria

Rutqvist

Vasco

Myer

2010

International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control

334

176

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In Salah Gas Project in Algeria has been injecting 0.5-1 million tonnes CO 2 per year over the past five years into a water-filled strata at a depth of about 1,800 to 1,900 m. Unlike most CO 2 storage sites, the permeability of the storage formation is relatively low and comparatively thin with a thickness of about 20 m. To ensure adequate CO 2 flow-rates across the low-permeability sand-face, the In Salah Gas Project decided to use long-reach (about 1 to 1.5 km) horizontal injection wells. In an ongoing research project we use field data and coupled reservoir-geomechanical numerical modeling to assess the effectiveness of this approach and to investigate monitoring techniques to evaluate the performance of a CO 2 -injection operation in relatively low permeability formations. Among the field data used are ground surface deformations evaluated from recently acquired satellite-based inferrometry (InSAR). The InSAR data shows a surface uplift on the order of 5 mm per year above active CO 2 injection wells and the uplift pattern extends several km from the injection wells. In this paper we use the observed surface uplift to constrain our coupled reservoir-geomechanical model and conduct sensitivity studies to investigate potential causes and mechanisms of the observed uplift.The results of our analysis indicates that most of the observed uplift magnitude can be explained by pressure-induced, poro-elastic expansion of the 20 m thick injection zone, but there could also be a significant contribution from pressure-induced deformations within a 100 m thick zone of shaly sands immediately above the injection zone.

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“…A ground uplift of around 5 mm/yr was measured on top of the three horizontal injection wells using satellite geodetic data (Vasco et al, 2008;Mathieson et al, 2009;Onuma and Okhawa, 2009). Simulation results showed that such ground uplift rate could be reproduced by considering pressure increase and volumetric expansion of both the injection zone and the overlying caprock (Rutqvist et al, 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long-term thermal effects on injectivity evolution during CO2 storage

Vilarrasa

Rinaldi

Rutqvist

2017

International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control

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Carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) is likely to reach the bottom of injection wells at a colder temperature than that of the storage formation, causing cooling of the rock. This cooling, together with overpressure, tends to open up fractures, which may enhance injectivity. We investigate cooling effects on injectivity enhancement by modeling the In Salah CO 2 storage site and a theoretical, long-term injection case. We use stress-dependent permeability functions that predict an increase in permeability as the effective stress acting normal to fractures decreases. Normal effective stress can decrease either due to overpressure or cooling. We calibrate our In Salah model, which includes a fracture zone perpendicular to the well, obtaining a good fitting with the injection pressure measured at KB-502 and the rapid CO 2 breakthrough that occurred at the observation well KB-5 located 2 km away from the injection well. CO 2 preferentially advances through the fracture zone, which becomes two orders of magnitude more permeable than the rest of the reservoir. Nevertheless, the effect of cooling on the long-term injectivity enhancement is limited in pressure dominated storage sites, like at In Salah, because most of the permeability enhancement is due to overpressure. However, thermal effects enhance injectivity in cooling dominated storage sites, which may decrease the injection pressure by 20 %, saving a significant amount of compression energy all over the duration of storage projects. Overall, our simulation results show that cooling has the potential to enhance injectivity in fractured reservoirs.

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Reservoir monitoring and characterization using satellite geodetic data: Interferometric synthetic aperture radar observations from the Krechba field, Algeria

Cited by 143 publications

References 59 publications

A hydromechanical approach to assess CO2 injection-induced surface uplift and caprock deflection

A hydromechanical approach to assess CO2 injection-induced surface uplift and caprock deflection

Coupled reservoir-geomechanical analysis of CO2 injection and ground deformations at In Salah, Algeria

Long-term thermal effects on injectivity evolution during CO2 storage

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