Research Progress on the pathogenic mechanism of Streptococcus suis 2

Abstract

Streptococcus suis (S.suis) is an important zoonotic pathogen that can cause many diseases in pigs, such as sepsis, arthritis, endocarditis, and meningitis, of which meningitis is the most serious. There are 35 serotypes, and serotype two is the most virulent. At the same time, Streptococcus suis serotype 2(SS2) can also infect humans, causing severe public health problems. Although SS2 has attracted significant attention worldwide, the research on its pathogenesis is still limited. The adhesion of pathogenic bacteria to the surface of host cells or tissues and its subsequent invasion and diffusion are the critical steps of pathogenic bacteria. Moreover, the interaction between pathogen and host is involved in these processes. Therefore, to study the pathogenic mechanism of pathogenic bacteria is to study the interaction between pathogenic bacteria and host. This paper described several common virulence factors, such as CPS, SLY, MRP, EF, SAO, Srt, FBPS, SadP, and Eno. Under the actions of virulence factors, SS2 adheres and colonizes to the mucosal and epithelial surface of host cells. Then SS2 invades into deeper tissues and bloodstream. If SS2 in the blood does not cause fatal sepsis, It can go to the third stage. The third stage is to cross the BBB and access the CNS and ultimately causes meningitis. During pathogenesis, SS2 interacts with multiple host cells, such as neutrophils, macrophages, epithelial cells, and microvascular endothelial cells to evade the innate or adaptive immunity of the host.

Pan-genome analysis of Streptococcus suis serotype 2 highlights genes associated with virulence and antibiotic resistance

“…For example, suilysin (sly), as one of the cholesterol-dependent bacterial cytolysins, exhibits direct cytotoxicity (Vötsch et al, 2019 ). Sly induces cell membrane rupture, decreased cytoplasm density, and even exudation through perforation, leading to lesions and damage to epithelial cells and fibroblasts from different host sources (Liu M. et al, 2021 ). It is a recognized important virulence factor of SS2.…”

Епідеміологічна Характеристика Cтрептококової Інфекції Свиней

“…FBPS consists of two domains with unique folds, where the C-terminus binds to host cells through fibronectin, while the N-terminus attaches to the bacterial surface, promoting the adhesion of SS2 to host cells (Xia et al, 2019). FBPS deletion significantly reduces the virulence of the strain compared to the wild-type strain (M. Liu et al, 2021). FBPS can also activate the signaling pathway through the β1 integrin receptor to induce chemokine production (Musyoki et al, 2016).…”