“…The dimension of uni-modal functions are set as 50 and the specific information of all benchmark functions are shown in Table 1. Some existing algorithms and their variations are compared with the proposed DGSHGS, such as HGS (Yang et al, 2021), COA (Pierezan et al, 2019), FPA (Yang, 2012), Grey Wolf Optimization (GWO) (Mirjalili et al, 2014), Selective Opposition Grey Wolf Optimization (SOGWO) (Dhargupta et al, 2020), Particle Swarm Optimization Based Grey Wolf Optimization (PSOGWO) (Gul et al, 2021), Multi-Strategy Ensemble Grey Wolf Optimizer (MEGWO) (Tu et al, 2019), and Grey Wolf Optimization Algorithm Based on Adaptive Normal Cloud Model (CGWO) (Zhang et al, 2020). In order to realize a fair comparison, the total times of utilizing the evaluation function during the running process of each algorithm are set as 6000.…”