Research Article Genetic potential of fusarium wilt-resistant elite common bean lines assessed in multiple environments

Abstract

Fusarium wilt is a serious soil disease affecting common bean cultivation, especially crops under a central pivot irrigation system. Our objective was to identify bean lines that combine resistance to Fusarium wilt in the field with other desirable traits. Twenty-eight randomized block trials with three replicates were conducted in the rainy, winter, and dry seasons from 2009 to 2012 in the states of Goiás, Federal District, and Paraná. The trials were composed of six elite lines (one carioca and five black grain type) selected in a previous study as resistant to Fusarium wilt under controlled conditions and five cultivars (three carioca two black grain type). Variance analysis demonstrated variability for reaction to Fusarium wilt and anthracnose, yield, architecture, and lodging tolerance. The interaction among the lines/cultivars and environments was significant for all traits. Five black bean lines were resistant to Fusarium wilt (grades <3.0) in the field; however, none of these lines outperformed the best controls in other traits, especially anthracnose resistance (grades >4.0). The Carioca line (CNFC 15872) was susceptible to fusarium wilt (5.6). Thus, these lines should not be indicated as suitable cultivars. Cultivars BRS Esplendor and BRS Notável exhibited excellent yield (2144 and 2200 kg.ha -1, D.G. Pereira et al. 2 respectively), high stability, erect architecture (3.4 and 4.1), lodging tolerance (3.3 and 4.0), anthracnose resistance (1.0 and 1.7), and high fusarium wilt resistance (2.0 and 2.6). These cultivars are still excellent options for planting in areas with Fusarium wilt.

Combining ability for resistance to Fusarium wilt and yield in black bean

“…The estimates of the CV ranged from 20.8 to 29.0% (data not shown) for reaction to Fusarium wilt, considered acceptable due to the natural occurrence of the disease, the heterogeneous distribution of the fungus in the soil, and the low mean of the trait (Pereira et al, 2019a(Pereira et al, , 2020. The estimates of selective accuracy were considered very high, i.e., higher than 0.90 (data not shown), indicating good informativeness of the experiments for the selection of superior genotypes.…”

“…All experiments were conducted in the experimental field of Embrapa Arroz e Feijão, located in the municipality of Santo Antônio de Goiás, in the state of Goiás,Brazil (16º30'17"S,49º16'53"W,at 819 m altitude). The area where the experiments were set up has a high natural infestation of the pathogen and has been used in other studies for the evaluation of the reaction to Fusarium wilt (Pereira et al, 2016(Pereira et al, , 2018(Pereira et al, , 2019a(Pereira et al, , 2020. In all experiments, water was supplied by a center pivot irrigation system.…”

“…The use of cultivars with genetic resistance in integrated management systems has proven to be the most effective and economical way to control Fusarium wilt, with the lowest negative impact on humans and the environment (Pereira et al, 2019a). However, although wide genetic variability has been reported in the literature (Pereira et al, 2009;Batista et al, 2016Batista et al, , 2017Negreiros et al, 2020;Pereira et al, 2020), there are still few resistant black bean cultivars currently on the market (Pereira et al, 2016(Pereira et al, , 2018.…”

Studies of evaluation parameters for resistance to Fusarium wilt in cotton caused by Fusarium wilt race 4 (Fusarium oxysporumf. sp.vasinfectum)

“…We also suggested that MR and RVS should be combined to calculate disease severity rating (DSR) for a final accurate evaluation of cotton germplasm for FOV4 resistance (Zhang, Abdelraheem, Zhu, Wheeler, Dever, Elkins‐Arce et al., 2020). However, for almost all other crops with Fusarium wilt caused by different formae speciales of F. oxysporum , screening plants for resistance is exclusively performed on foliar symptoms with a few on SVD (e.g., Ahmad et al., 2020; Alvarez et al., 2005; Bani et al., 2012; Branham et al., 2019; Chitwood‐Brown et al., 2021; Dong et al., 2019; Leitão et al., 2020; Mahmoud & Abd El‐Fatah, 2020; Miyatake et al., 2016; Pereira et al., 2020; Siamak & Zheng, 2018). This has been the case for cotton with wilt caused by most FOV other than FOV4 (Hillock, 1992; Sanogo & Zhang, 2016; Wang & Roberts, 2006; Wang et al., 1999; Zhang et al., 2015).…”

Genetic parameters and selection of black bean lines for resistance to fusarium wilt and yield

“…Genetic variability has been reported for resistance to fusarium wilt (Pastor-Corrales & Abawi, 1987;Azevedo et al, 2015;Leitão et al, 2020;Pereira et al, 2011Pereira et al, , 2020, indicating the possibility of selection of resistant genotypes and of genetic gain for this trait.…”