Reproductive Success of Female Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus Mykiss) in Response to Graded Dietary Ascorbyl Monophosphate Levels1

Abstract

Ascorbic acid is an essential nutrient in rainbow trout diets and has been shown to play an important role in fish reproduction. Recommended dietary levels are based on immature fish, and the specific requirements for brood stock are unknown. To establish the optimum dietary level for mature rainbow trout, six graded levels of ascorbyl-2-monophosphate were fed to groups of female fish over a period of 10 mo until spawning. Increasing dietary levels of ascorbyl monophosphate resulted in significantly increased ascorbic acid concentrations in liver, kidney, ovaries, and ovulated eggs. Liver and egg concentrations were saturable at 109.3 and 266.6 micrograms ascorbic acid/g tissue, respectively. Tissue saturation levels of 83.7% and 91.2%, respectively, were reached at the highest dietary level (870 mg ascorbyl monophosphate/kg diet) tested. Both fecundity and embryo survival increased significantly with dietary ascorbyl monophosphate levels. The results indicated that the present National Research Council recommended dietary level of 50 mg ascorbic acid/kg diet for rainbow trout is inadequate for brood stock fish. An amount 8 times higher is necessary to optimize tissue ascorbic acid levels and achieve maximum reproductive success.

Body pool and synthesis of ascorbic acid in adult sea lamprey ( Petromyzon marinus ): An agnathan fish with gulonolactone oxidase activity

“…The process of AA accumulation into sea lamprey eggs is in agreement with previous studies conducted in scurvy-prone teleost fishes (14,15). This results in high concentrations of AA and stresses the importance of AA in gonadogenesis of all vertebrates irrespective of the ability to biosynthesize vitamin C. …”

Body pool and synthesis of ascorbic acid in adult sea lamprey ( Petromyzon marinus ): An agnathan fish with gulonolactone oxidase activity

“…The process of AA accumulation into sea lamprey eggs is in agreement with previous studies conducted in scurvy-prone teleost fishes (14,15). This results in high concentrations of AA and stresses the importance of AA in gonadogenesis of all vertebrates irrespective of the ability to biosynthesize vitamin C. …”

Effect of high dietary intake of vitamin C on non-specific immune response of gilthead seabream ( L.)

“…A positive relationship between vitamin C 438 intake and plasma ascorbic acid was observed in gilthead seabream, an enhancement that was evident after 2 weeks of administration, although no further increase was observed after 3 or more weeks of treatment. These observations seem to suggest a certain saturation and are in agreement with others, in which tissue saturation levels of vitamin C were reached in liver, kidney and ovaries (Blom & Dabrowski, 1995;Merchie et al, 1996). In the present study, samples were taken from specimens subjected to fasting for 24 h. In other animal species the lowest plasma ascorbic acid levels recorded during the day occurred 30 min prior to feeding (Eicher-Pruiett et al, 1992), so that, the fish in the present experiment may have higher plasma ascorbic acid levels at another time.…”

TheInfluence of Extruded Feed with a high Protein Level Upon the Bioproductive Performances Obtained on the Rainbow Trout Females (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

“…The ascending evolution shows the fact that the investements with feed and the energy from the content of the food were used efficiently, but the big differences between those two groups overtly show the performance of group E which was fed with pelleted feed and highest protein level of 7%. The results obtained in increasing body weight reveal the results provided by studies and research performed by Blom and Dabrowski (1995) or Memiş (2004), differences which claim the special influence and the effects of high protein levels from feed on growing performance in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss).…”

Body pool and synthesis of ascorbic acid in adult sea lamprey ( Petromyzon marinus ): An agnathan fish with gulonolactone oxidase activity

“…The process of AA accumulation into sea lamprey eggs is in agreement with previous studies conducted in scurvy-prone teleost fishes (14,15). This results in high concentrations of AA and stresses the importance of AA in gonadogenesis of all vertebrates irrespective of the ability to biosynthesize vitamin C. …”

Effect of high dietary intake of vitamin C on non-specific immune response of gilthead seabream ( L.)

“…A positive relationship between vitamin C 438 intake and plasma ascorbic acid was observed in gilthead seabream, an enhancement that was evident after 2 weeks of administration, although no further increase was observed after 3 or more weeks of treatment. These observations seem to suggest a certain saturation and are in agreement with others, in which tissue saturation levels of vitamin C were reached in liver, kidney and ovaries (Blom & Dabrowski, 1995;Merchie et al, 1996). In the present study, samples were taken from specimens subjected to fasting for 24 h. In other animal species the lowest plasma ascorbic acid levels recorded during the day occurred 30 min prior to feeding (Eicher-Pruiett et al, 1992), so that, the fish in the present experiment may have higher plasma ascorbic acid levels at another time.…”

TheInfluence of Extruded Feed with a high Protein Level Upon the Bioproductive Performances Obtained on the Rainbow Trout Females (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

“…The ascending evolution shows the fact that the investements with feed and the energy from the content of the food were used efficiently, but the big differences between those two groups overtly show the performance of group E which was fed with pelleted feed and highest protein level of 7%. The results obtained in increasing body weight reveal the results provided by studies and research performed by Blom and Dabrowski (1995) or Memiş (2004), differences which claim the special influence and the effects of high protein levels from feed on growing performance in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss).…”

Body pool and synthesis of ascorbic acid in adult sea lamprey ( Petromyzon marinus ): An agnathan fish with gulonolactone oxidase activity

“…The process of AA accumulation into sea lamprey eggs is in agreement with previous studies conducted in scurvy-prone teleost fishes (14,15). This results in high concentrations of AA and stresses the importance of AA in gonadogenesis of all vertebrates irrespective of the ability to biosynthesize vitamin C. …”

Effect of high dietary intake of vitamin C on non-specific immune response of gilthead seabream ( L.)

“…A positive relationship between vitamin C 438 intake and plasma ascorbic acid was observed in gilthead seabream, an enhancement that was evident after 2 weeks of administration, although no further increase was observed after 3 or more weeks of treatment. These observations seem to suggest a certain saturation and are in agreement with others, in which tissue saturation levels of vitamin C were reached in liver, kidney and ovaries (Blom & Dabrowski, 1995;Merchie et al, 1996). In the present study, samples were taken from specimens subjected to fasting for 24 h. In other animal species the lowest plasma ascorbic acid levels recorded during the day occurred 30 min prior to feeding (Eicher-Pruiett et al, 1992), so that, the fish in the present experiment may have higher plasma ascorbic acid levels at another time.…”

TheInfluence of Extruded Feed with a high Protein Level Upon the Bioproductive Performances Obtained on the Rainbow Trout Females (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

“…The ascending evolution shows the fact that the investements with feed and the energy from the content of the food were used efficiently, but the big differences between those two groups overtly show the performance of group E which was fed with pelleted feed and highest protein level of 7%. The results obtained in increasing body weight reveal the results provided by studies and research performed by Blom and Dabrowski (1995) or Memiş (2004), differences which claim the special influence and the effects of high protein levels from feed on growing performance in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss).…”