Reproductive behaviour of captive Sumatran rhinoceros (Dicerorhinus sumatrensis)

Zahari, Zainuddin Zainal; Rosnina, Y.; Wahid, H.; Yap, K.C.; Jainudeen, M. R.

doi:10.1016/j.anireprosci.2004.04.041

Cited by 9 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…However, the usage of tonal calls during adulthood differs between the species. For the Asiatic rhinoceros species, these tonal calls seem to function as mating calls or songs (Sumatra rhinoceros: [ 62 , 63 ]; Greater one-horned rhinoceros: [ 64 ]) or at least as long distance contact calls between dispersed individuals (Java rhinoceros: [ 50 , 65 ]). Adult black rhinoceros emit tonal Whines, for example, when begging for food [ 39 , 50 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

First insights into the vocal repertoire of infant and juvenile Southern white rhinoceros

Linn¹,

Boeer

Scheumann³

2018

PLoS ONE

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Describing vocal repertoires represents an essential step towards gaining an overview about the complexity of acoustic communication in a given species. The analysis of infant vocalisations is essential for understanding the development and usage of species-specific vocalisations, but is often underrepresented, especially in species with long inter-birth intervals such as the white rhinoceros. Thus, this study aimed for the first time to characterise the infant and juvenile vocal repertoire of the Southern white rhinoceros and to relate these findings to the adult vocal repertoire. The behaviour of seven mother-reared white rhinoceros calves (two males, five females) and one hand-reared calf (male), ranging from one month to four years, was simultaneously audio and video-taped at three zoos. Normally reared infants and juveniles uttered four discriminable call types (Whine, Snort, Threat, and Pant) that were produced in different behavioural contexts. All call types were also uttered by the hand-reared calf. Call rates of Whines, but not of the other call types, decreased with age. These findings provide the first evidence that infant and juvenile rhinoceros utter specific call types in distinct contexts, even if they grow up with limited social interaction with conspecifics. By comparing our findings with the current literature on vocalisations of adult white rhinoceros and other solitary rhinoceros species, we discuss to which extent differences in the social lifestyle across species affect acoustic communication in mammals.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

First insights into the vocal repertoire of infant and juvenile Southern white rhinoceros

Linn¹,

Boeer

Scheumann³

2018

PLoS ONE

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“…Survival in captivity has also been very disappointing over 17 years, with mortality rates over 60% and few births from wild-caught animals. Understanding the species' ecology and biology in the wild, protecting respective habitats, as well as concerted efforts to improve husbandry and breeding success for this species in captivity is imperative [Zainal-Zahari et al, 1989, 1990. Determining how feed availability affects the demographics of the wild populations and the health of captive animals requires investigation and can help to evaluate the effects of changing habitat on carrying capacity and population growth.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intake, utilization, and composition of browses consumed by the Sumatran rhinoceros (Dicerorhinus sumatrensis harissoni) in captivity in Sabah, Malaysia

et al. 2006

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The significant threats to the fewer than 30 wild Dicerorhinus sumatrensis harrissoni, the Bornean sub-species of the Sumatran rhinoceros, are obvious and include poaching, habitat loss, and environmental changes. Subtle effects on population survival, however, include nutritional or other diseases, which affect morbidity and reproductive success. To address these issues and focus on animals within their natural range, this feeding trial and analysis characterizes the diet fed to the only three captive D. s. harissoni in the world housed at the Sumatran Rhino Breeding Center (SRBC) in Sabah, Malaysia. The study provides an indication of the variance in nutrient composition in local browse, and a comparison with other captive feeding studies. Mean dry matter intake (DMI), comprising $90% native browse species, equaled 3.55% (range 5 2.8-4.1%) of body mass, with a dry matter digestibility averaging 82%. The mean crude protein content of native browses (n 5 8 spp.) averaged 11.2% (DM basis; range 5 5-23%, depending on plant part), with available protein measured at 7.8%. Leaves contained significantly (Po0.001) more crude protein, and less (Po0.001) fiber (neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber, and lignin) than twig fractions analyzed, but animals consumed both fractions rather non-selectively. Of minerals quantified, Na and P were potentially limiting in native browses compared to equid nutrient requirements, and Se may have been marginal. Ca, K, and Fe levels in particular were high in most native browses. Specifically, iron ranged from 45-1,400 mg/kg (mean 5 230 mg/kg DM), with only three preferred species containing this nutrient at o100 mg/kg. Excess dietary iron has been linked with health issues in browsing rhinos. Additionally, high levels of other minerals (for example Mn, with a mean of 382 mg/kg DM in this study), can precipitate deficiencies in crucial elements such as calcium. In view of the structural and chemical variations of the different parts of the same plants, dietary guidelines should be developed and incorporated into the basic husbandry of these animals that include increasing the number and combinations of species of browse offered daily to adjust for variance in protein, fiber, other nutritional components and food preference, to increasing the quantity of food offered per day based on desired weight gain and reproductive status. This, combined with information on the free-ranging rhinoceros diet composition, and additional intake and digestibility trials (with concurrent serum analysis to evaluate nutritional status) should greatly assist in providing optimal diets for this highly endangered species.

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The flehmen response and pseudosuckling in a captive, juvenile Southern sea otter (Enhydra lutris nereis)

2017

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A juvenile, female sea otter (Enhydra lutris nereis) was observed in 43 instances of the flehmen response over 19 days from May through July of 2015 at the Oregon Zoo. In all flehmen grimace observations, the juvenile sea otter engaged in nibbling, nosing, or licking the peri-mammary or anogenital areas of a non-lactating, geriatric female sea otter. The flehmen behavior observed was consisted with the sequences of behavior documented in other mammals, lifting the head, elevating the nose to the air, retracting the upper lip slightly, and manipulating her mystacial vibrissae back and forth while rapidly inspiring air through her mouth in quick succession, tongue extruded. The occurrence of this behavior was not specific to visitor density, visitor impact rating, day of the month, time of day, or exhibit zone. However, it did occur more frequently in one area of the enclosure. Among the three sea otters (two females, one male) currently housed at the Oregon Zoo, the juvenile female's flehmen response only occurred following interactions with the older female and was always preceded by the pseudosuckling or anogenital nosing, licking or nibbling behavior. Zoo Biol. 36:30-39, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

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Reproductive behaviour of captive Sumatran rhinoceros (Dicerorhinus sumatrensis)

Cited by 9 publications

References 9 publications

First insights into the vocal repertoire of infant and juvenile Southern white rhinoceros

First insights into the vocal repertoire of infant and juvenile Southern white rhinoceros

Intake, utilization, and composition of browses consumed by the Sumatran rhinoceros (Dicerorhinus sumatrensis harissoni) in captivity in Sabah, Malaysia

The flehmen response and pseudosuckling in a captive, juvenile Southern sea otter (Enhydra lutris nereis)

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