Reproduction and fertility life table of three aphid species (Macrosiphini) at different temperatures

Abstract

ABSTRACT. Reproduction and fertility life table of three aphid species (Macrosiphini) at different temperatures. Temperature is a key abiotic factor influencing the development and reproduction of aphids. The effect of temperature on the reproduction of three aphid species Aulacorthum solani (Kaltenbach), Macrosiphum euphorbiae (Thomas) and Uroleucon ambrosiae (Thomas) (Aphididae, Macrosiphini) has been investigated and fertility life tables were determined. Nymphs were reared in climatic chambers at temperatures of 16, 19, 22, 25, and 28 ± 1ºC, RH 70 ± 10% and 12 h photophase. Female adult aphids developed at these temperatures were then used in experiments in which pre-reproductive and reproductive periods were evaluated every 24 h. In addition, the number of nymphs produced and longevity were determined at each temperature. The reproduction period of A. solani and M. euphorbiae decreased with increasing temperature, whereas that of U. ambrosiae was maintained between 19 and 25ºC. The total number of nymphs produced by the aphids decreased as the temperature increased. The longevities of A. solani and M. euphorbiae decreased with increasing temperature but remained stable for U. ambrosiae between 19 and 25ºC. The largest survival rate (l x ) and specific fertility (m x ) values were found at 16 and 22ºC for all three species. The most favourable temperature for reproduction of A. solani, M. euphorbiae and U. ambrosiae was 22ºC, as demonstrated by the l x and m x profiles, the high values of net reproductive rates and intrinsic rates of increase, and the short intervals between generation and doubling times.KEYWORDS. Aphids; growing parameters; intrinsic rate of increase; lettuce; longevity.RESUMO. Reprodução e tabela de vida de fertilidade de três espécies de afídeos (Macrosiphini) em diferentes temperaturas. A temperatura é o fator abiótico chave influenciando o desenvolvimento e a reprodução dos afídeos. O objetivo desse trabalho foi avaliar o efeito de diferentes temperaturas na reprodução, assim como determinar a tabela de vida de fertilidade de Aulacorthum solani (Kaltenbach), Macrosiphum euphorbiae (Thomas) e Uroleucon ambrosiae (Thomas) (Aphididae, Macrosiphini). Ninfas foram mantidas em placas de Petri (15 cm de diâmetro), sobre disco foliar de alface, suportado por uma camada de solução ágar/ água a 1%, em câmaras climatizadas nas temperaturas de 16, 19, 22, 25 e 28±1ºC; UR de 70±10% e fotofase de 12 h, até atingirem o estágio adulto. Esses adultos foram avaliados nas mesmas temperaturas a cada 24 h sob microscópio estereoscópico quanto aos parâmetros reprodutivos e longevidade. O período reprodutivo de A. solani e M. euphorbiae foi decrescente com o aumento da temperatura. U. ambrosiae apresentou período reprodutivo estável de 19 a 25ºC. A produção total de ninfas das três espécies de pulgões foi decrescente com o aumento da temperatura. A longevidade de A. solani e M. euphorbiae foi decrescente com o aumento da temperatura. As maiores taxas de sobrevivência (lx) e fertilidade específica (mx) foram o...

Praon volucre (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Aphidiinae), a natural enemy of Macrosiphum euphorbiae (Hemiptera: Aphididae): Life table and intrinsic rate of population increase

“…According to van Lenteren (2009), a parasitoid will be an effective control agent if, in addition to other factors, its rm is equal or greater than that of the target pest. De Conti et al (2010), using the same experimental conditions as used in this study for P. volucre, observed that the rm for the host aphid M. euphorbiae was 0.282, which is only slightly higher than the rm of P. volucre. A positive characteristic in addition to high rm is the long reproductive period of P. volucre: they parasitize hosts for up to 18 days.…”

“…Life table parameters of Brazilian M. euphorbiae populations were determined by De Conti et al (2010) who report an intrinsic rate of population increase of 0.282 females/female/day at 22°C. These authors also report high rates of parasitism of the aphids M. euphorbiae, Uroleucon ambrosiae (Thomas) and Aulacorthum solani (Kaltenbach) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) by P. volucre (De Conti et al, 2008;Silva et al, 2009).…”

Cold storage affects mortality, body mass, lifespan, reproduction and flight capacity of Praon volucre (Hymenoptera: Braconidae)

“…The Petri dishes were kept in a climatic chamber at 22 ± 1°C, 70 ± 10% RH and a 12 h photophase. Offspring of the third laboratory generation were used to start a culture of M. euphorbiae on potted lettuce plants kept in acrylic cages (60 × 30 × 30 cm), following the methodology of De Conti et al (2010) and Sidney et al (2010), which were used for rearing the parasitoid.…”

Development and Reproduction of the Foxglove Aphid (Hemiptera: Aphididae) on Invasive Swallow-Worts (Vincetoxicumspp.)

“…Most collections have been from plants in shaded (forest) habitats although it also can be collected from swallow-worts in sunny habitats early and late in the season (Milbrath 2010). Foxglove aphids appear to prefer humid microclimates (Wave et al 1965) and they also survive and reproduce better at cooler temperatures (Lee et al 2008a,b;De Conti et al 2010, 2011Jandricic et al 2010). Such conditions typically occur season-long in forest understories or in open Þelds outside the midto late-summer months in New York State.…”