Reproducible and Scalable Generation of Multilayer Nanocomposite Constructs for Ultrasensitive Nanobiosensing

Abstract

Electrochemical nanobiosensors are ultrasensitive tools used for detection and monitoring of various markers in biofluids. In the absence of reliable techniques for large‐scale production of reproducible nanomaterial structures on the electrodes, they are created individually in batch‐production. This has become a substantial hurdle in the practical implementation of electrochemical nanobiosensors. An automated microfluidic‐based platform (NanoChip) is presented for reproducible and scalable formation of complex nanomaterial constructs with a defined order of nanocomposites and biomaterials to create ultrasensitive nanobiosensors. The automated liquid handling system of the setup delivers reagents to electrodes inserted temporarily into the chip for modifying their surfaces by depositing different nanomaterials. The NanoChip platform is used for the creation of a multilayer nanocomposite structure on the electrode surface. These reproducible nanobiosensors are used for detecting breast cancer cells in the blood. The nanobiosensors offered a dynamic detection range of 10 to 5 × 106 cells mL−1. Performance of sensors produced from NanoChip shows similar selectivity and operational range along with improved sensitivity and reproducibility compared to sensors developed using batch process. These features make automated Nanochip technology a versatile tool for producing nanosensors for the ultrasensitive detection of various markers in biomedical, clinical, energy, and environmental applications.

Effective Parameters on Increasing Efficiency of Microscale Heat Sinks and Application of Liquid Cooling in Real Life

“…and soft lithography [9], laser cutting [10,11], 3D printing [12,13], microinjection molding [14] and glass etching for different applications like Point of Care (POC) and diagnosis [15,16], microbiology [17,18], drug delivery [19][20][21], oil and gas [22], micropump [23,24], particle separation and enrichment [25][26][27], Organ on a chip [28][29][30], biosensor [31][32][33][34].…”

Bi-ECDAQ: An electrochemical dual-immuno-biosensor accompanied by a customized bi-potentiostat for clinical detection of SARS-CoV-2 Nucleocapsid proteins

“…Highly sensitive detection of protein requires coating of WEs with conductive nanomaterials followed by functionalizing the electrodes but due to the small size of electrodes and multistep preparation and functionalization steps needed for multiplex electrode designs, the coating and functionalization of WEs is a cumbersome process and often deal with a limited reproducibility ( Parlak et al, 2017 ; Prakash et al, 2013 ; Salahandish et al 2018a , 2018b , 2019a , 2019b ; Yang et al, 2006b ). To eliminate these challenges, single-step nanomaterial coating protocols and approaches have been exploited to eliminate complex nanomaterial coating and improve sensing reproducibility while preserving the sensitivity needed for ultrasensitive and quantitative detection of biomarkers ( Khetani et al, 2019 ; Shu et al, 2015 ; Sun et al, 2021 ).…”

A compact, low-cost, and binary sensing (BiSense) platform for noise-free and self-validated impedimetric detection of COVID-19 infected patients

“…Multiplex electrochemical point-of-care testing (ME-POCT) devices are expected to have four major compartments: 1) reliable and reproducible electrodes created using inkjet or screen printing methods, 2) an accurate biosensing protocol for mediating the electrode surface to create accurate biosensors, 3) microfluidics for automating electrochemical biosensing steps, and 4) and an accurate and low-cost multichannel potentiostat with an easy-to-use interface for data interpretation and wireless data transfer. Despite enormous advances in developing multiplex screen printed electrodes and electrochemical biosensors ( Dhanapala et al, 2020 ; Khetani et al, 2019 ; Kinnamon et al, 2018 ; Noah and Ndangili, 2019 ; Salahandish et al 2019 , 2022a ) as well as the recent progress in self-powered microfluidic devices ( Haghayegh et al 2022a , 2022b ; Nyein et al, 2018 ; Salahandish et al, 2022b ), the realization of ME-POCT requires the development of new hand-held, rapid and remote reading, easy-to-use, noise-free, and cheaper multichannel potentiostat readers ( Alam et al, 2020 ; Bianchi et al, 2021 ).…”