Representative Bacillus sp. AM1 from Gut Microbiota Harbor Versatile Molecular Pathways for Bisphenol A Biodegradation

Abstract

Human gut microbiota harbors numerous microbial species with molecular enzymatic potential that impact on the eubiosis/dysbiosis and health/disease balances. Microbiota species isolation and description of their specific molecular features remain largely unexplored. In the present study, we focused on the cultivation and selection of species able to tolerate or biodegrade the endocrine disruptor bisphenol A (BPA), a xenobiotic extensively found in food plastic containers. Chemical xenobiotic addition methods for the directed isolation, culturing, Whole Genome Sequencing (WGS), phylogenomic identification, and specific gene-encoding searches have been applied to isolate microorganisms, assess their BPA metabolization potential, and describe encoded catabolic pathways. BPA-tolerant strains were isolated from 30% of infant fecal microbial culture libraries analyzed. Most isolated strains were phylogenetically related to the operational taxonomic group Bacillus amyloliquefaciens spp. Importantly, WGS analysis of microbial representative strain, Bacillus sp. AM1 identified the four complete molecular pathways involved on BPA degradation indicating its versatility and high potential to degrade BPA. Pathways for Exopolysaccharide (EPS) and Polyhydroxyalkanates (PHA) biopolymer synthesis were also identified and phenotypically confirmed by transmission electronic microscopy (TEM). These microbial biopolymers could generally contribute to capture and/or deposit xenobiotics.

Antimicrobial Effects of Potential Probiotics of Bacillus spp. Isolated from Human Microbiota: In Vitro and In Silico Methods

“…Data obtained by parallel experimental work showed a BPA directed human fecal culturing catalogue that contained different BPA tolerant species from the following genera and percentages: Enterococcus 28%, Bacillus 27%, Staphylococcus 10%, Escherichia 8%, Clostridium 5%, and Lactobacillus 4% (data not shown). Representing Bacilli taxa ( Bacillus and Lactobacillus ) was a major taxa with approximately a 30% of BPA tolerant isolated strains from microbiota samples, which corroborates the predominant presence of these genera being able to overcome the impact of xenobiotics, such as BPA, as previous assays showed [ 39 ].…”

“…A common approach to isolate Bacillus strains from microbiota has been pursued in our research team [ 39 ]. For this study, ten isolates from fecal human microbiota collections of 0 to 1 year old infants (Isolates B-Project INFABIO) and 6–8 year-old children (Isolates C-Project OBEMIRISK) were obtained by a serial dilution method, with exposure to different BPA concentrations (0.5, 10, 20, and 50 ppm) over 72 h and further spreading in BHI/MRS media incubated under aerobic and anaerobic conditions (anaerobic jars anaerocult ® ) at 37 °C.…”

Culturing and Molecular Approaches for Identifying Microbiota Taxa Impacting Children’s Obesogenic Phenotypes Related to Xenobiotic Dietary Exposure

“…In this sense, BPA-degradation capabilities of certain microorganisms were previously studied as a source for environmental bioremediation [38,39]. Furthermore, species from Bacillus genus isolated from infant faecal samples were shown to harbour the four complete molecular pathways for BPA biodegradation [40]. This could underline the relevance of the sporobiota (all spore-forming bacteria from microbial communities [41,42]) in the tolerance or biodegradation of xenobiotics compounds such as BPA.…”

“…A previous common approach to isolate microbial strains from microbiota after BPA treatment has been followed [40]. For this study, human faecal samples were collected with anaerobic kits from obese, overweight, and normal-weight children aged between four and twelve years old, anthropometry data are detailed in Table 2.…”

Bisphenol A Removal by the Fungus Myrothecium roridumIM 6482—Analysis of the Cellular and Subcellular Level

“…These include high operational cost, generation of products more toxic than the parent compound, the necessity of regeneration of activated carbon and the low BPA removal efficiency by the saturated membranes. Microorganisms are supposed to play an important part in the process of BPA transformation [ 21 , 22 , 23 ]. Therefore, studying the possibility of using microorganisms to remove this compound from a contaminated environment is a valid approach.…”