Repeated Questions, Deception, and Children’s True and False Reports of Body Touch

Quas, Jodi A.; Davis, Elizabeth L.; Goodman, Gail S.; Myers, John E. B.

doi:10.1177/1077559506296141

Cited by 40 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…An experiment with children reveals a third type of additional request that can be made to increase a liar's cognitive load: asking event-irrelevant questions (Quas, Davis, Goodman, & Myers, 2007). Children played individually with a male confederate who touched each child twice on their stomach, nose, and neck.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Pitfalls and Opportunities in Nonverbal and Verbal Lie Detection

Vrij

Granhag

Porter

2010

Psychol Sci Public Interest

361

345

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SummaryThe question of whether discernible differences exist between liars and truth tellers has interested professional lie detectors and laypersons for centuries. In this article we discuss whether people can detect lies when observing someone's nonverbal behavior or analyzing someone's speech. An article about detecting lies by observing nonverbal and verbal cues is overdue. Scientific journals regularly publish overviews of research articles regarding nonverbal and verbal cues to deception, but they offer no explicit guidance about what lie detectors should do and should avoid doing to catch liars. We will present such guidance in the present article.The article consists of two parts. The first section focuses on pitfalls to avoid and outlines the major factors that lead to failures in catching liars. Sixteen reasons are clustered into three categories: (a) a lack of motivation to detect lies (because accepting a fabrication might sometimes be more tolerable or pleasant than understanding the truth), (b) difficulties associated with lie detection, and (c) common errors made by lie detectors. We will argue that the absence of nonverbal and verbal cues uniquely related to deceit (akin Pinocchio's growing nose), the existence of typically small differences between truth tellers and liars, and the fact that liars actively try to appear credible contribute to making lie detection a difficult task. Other factors that add to difficulty is that lies are often embedded in truths, that lie detectors often do not receive adequate feedback about their judgments and therefore cannot learn from their mistakes, and that some methods to detect lies violate conversation rules and are therefore difficult to apply in real life. The final factor to be discussed in this category is that some people are just very good liars.The common errors lie detectors make that we have identified are examining the wrong cues (in part, because professionals are taught these wrong cues); placing too great an emphasis on nonverbal cues (in part, because training encourages such emphasis); tending to too-readily interpret certain behaviors, particularly signs of nervousness, as diagnostic of deception; placing too great an emphasis on simplistic rules of thumb; and neglecting inter-and intrapersonal differences. We also discuss two final errors: that many interview strategies advocated by police manuals can impair lie detection, and that professionals tend to overestimate their ability to detect deceit.The second section of this article discusses opportunities for maximizing one's chances of detecting lies and elaborates strategies for improving one's lie-detection skills. Within this section, we first provide five recommendations for avoiding the common errors in detecting lies that we identified earlier in the article. Next, we discuss a relatively recent wave of innovative lie-detection research that goes one step further and introduces novel interview styles aimed at eliciting and enhancing verbal and nonverbal differences between liars and t...

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Pitfalls and Opportunities in Nonverbal and Verbal Lie Detection

Vrij

Granhag

Porter

2010

Psychol Sci Public Interest

361

345

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Results indicate that children who were not touched and told the truth were accurate when answering repeated questions. Interestingly, children who had been touched and told the truth were the most inconsistent [17]. The researchers' findings call into question the common belief that consistency is an accurate indicator of credible disclosures in children.…”

Section: Memory Retrievalmentioning

confidence: 89%

“…This method is based on the assumption that a child's statement is representative of a true, personally experienced event if it is detailed and consistent in nature. Quas et al [17] examined the impact of repeated questions and deception on 4 to 7-year-olds' reports of body touch. Results indicate that children who were not touched and told the truth were accurate when answering repeated questions.…”

Section: Memory Retrievalmentioning

confidence: 99%

Memory Development and Trauma in Preschool Children: Implications for Forensic Interviewing Professionals - A Review of the Literature

Middleton

2017

FRCIJ

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“…To so v eni od redkih raziskav s tega področja proučevali Quas, Davis, Goodman in Myers (2007), in sicer z otroki, starimi od štiri do sedem let. Ugotovili so, da so otroci te starosti v določenih socialnih situacijah že sposobni zavajanja.…”

Section: Laganje In Resnicaunclassified

Razvojne značilnosti otrok v okviru forenzičnega razgovora

Mrevlje¹

2013

Psihološka obzorja / Horizons of Psychology

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Povzetek: Otroci so v sodnih procesih lahko adekvatne priče, če je forenzični intervju ustrezno izpeljan. Prispevek predstavlja pomembnejše linije otrokovega razvoja -mišljenje, spomin, govor in socialno-emocionalni razvoj -in jih povezuje z usmeritvami za vodenje razgovora z otrokom. Zaradi pogostega prepričanja, da je otroka mogoče pripraviti do neresničnega pričanja in da ne loči med realnim ter domišljijskim, sta obravnavani tudi temi laganja in sugestibilnosti. Prispevek na koncu daje nekatere praktične usmeritve za izvedbo forenzičnega razgovora in opozarja na pomen izobraževanja vseh, ki so v stiku z otroki -potencialnimi pričami.Ključne besede: forenzično ocenjevanje, intervju, otroci, priče, spomin, sugestibilnost Children's developmental characteristics in the forensic interviewTinkara Pavšič Mrevlje Faculty of Criminal Justice and Security, University of Maribor, Slovenia Abstract: Children can be credible witnesses in court procedures given an adequately conducted forensic interview with them. This paper presents the most important features of a child's development (the cognitive and socioemotional development and the development of language and communication) and from these features derives the specific guidelines for forensic interviews of children. Due to the frequent belief that children can be led to false witnessing and that they do not differentiate between reality and fantasy the topics of lying and suggestibility are also discussed. At the end some practical suggestions are given with recommendations for trainings of all professionals working with children that are potential witnesses.

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Repeated Questions, Deception, and Children’s True and False Reports of Body Touch

Cited by 40 publications

References 31 publications

Pitfalls and Opportunities in Nonverbal and Verbal Lie Detection

Pitfalls and Opportunities in Nonverbal and Verbal Lie Detection

Memory Development and Trauma in Preschool Children: Implications for Forensic Interviewing Professionals - A Review of the Literature

Razvojne značilnosti otrok v okviru forenzičnega razgovora

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