Renewable Diesel from Algal Lipids: An Integrated Baseline for Cost, Emissions, and Resource Potential from a Harmonized Model

Davis, Ryan W.; Fishman, Daniel B.; Frank, Edward D.; Wigmosta, Mark S.; Aden, Andy; Coleman, André M.; Pienkos, Philip T.; Skaggs, Ricahrd J.; Venteris, Erik R.; Wang, Michael Q.

doi:10.2172/1044475

Cited by 123 publications

(207 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Heterosigma biomass was subsequently analyzed for its potential to become a biofuel feedstock. In the conventional algae to biofuel pathway, algal lipids are extracted and upgraded to biodiesel (Davis et al, 2012). The residual biomass, which accounts for 50-75% of the total biomass, is then processed into non-fuel products, such as animal feeds and high value chemicals, or is subjected to anaerobic digestion (Davis et al, 2012).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the conventional algae to biofuel pathway, algal lipids are extracted and upgraded to biodiesel (Davis et al, 2012). The residual biomass, which accounts for 50-75% of the total biomass, is then processed into non-fuel products, such as animal feeds and high value chemicals, or is subjected to anaerobic digestion (Davis et al, 2012). In the present study, growth on simulated flue gas did not reduce total lipid yields, so changes in lipid profiles were investigated to assess the potential for converting this lipid fraction to quality biodiesel.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Marine Microalga, Heterosigma akashiwo, Converts Industrial Waste Gases into Valuable Biomass

et al. 2015

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Heterosigma akashiwo is an excellent candidate for growth on industrial emissions since this alga has the ability to metabolize gaseous nitric oxide (NO) into cellular nitrogen via a novel chimeric protein (NR2-2/2HbN) and also tolerates wide fluctuations in temperature, salinity, and nutrient conditions. Here, we evaluated biomass productivity and composition, photosynthetic efficiency, and expression of NR2-2/2HbN for Heterosigma growing on simulated flue gas containing 12% CO 2 and 150 ppm NO. Biomass productivity of Heterosigma more than doubled in flue gas conditions compared to controls, reflecting a 13-fold increase in carbohydrate and a 2-fold increase in protein productivity. Lipid productivity was not affected by flue gas and the valuable omega-3 fatty acids, eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid, constituted up to 16% of total fatty acid methyl esters. Photochemical measurements indicated that photosynthesis in Heterosigma is not inhibited by high CO 2 and NO concentrations, and increases in individual fatty acids in response to flue gas were driven by photosynthetic requirements. Growth rates and maximum cell densities of Heterosigma grown on simulated flue gas without supplemental nitrogen, along with a significant increase in NR2-2/2HbN transcript abundance in response to flue gas, demonstrated that nitrogen derived from NO gas is biologically available to support enhanced CO 2 fixation. Together, these results illustrate the robustness of this alga for commercial-scale biomass production and bioremediation of industrial emissions.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Marine Microalga, Heterosigma akashiwo, Converts Industrial Waste Gases into Valuable Biomass

et al. 2015

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“…When comparing different scenarios, the baseline was the technical objectives that were reported by US National Laboratories [32]. These technical objectives are (1) the algal productivity is assumed to reach 25 g/m 2 /day; (2) cell concentration is 0.5 g/L (i.e., algal growth rate is 0.125 g/L/day); (3) lipid content of algae is 25%; and (4) N and P demands are 8.7% and 1.3% of dry algae, respectively.…”

Section: Estimation Of Annual Biomass Yield Of C Debaryanamentioning

confidence: 99%

Sustainable Production of Algal Biomass and Biofuels Using Swine Wastewater in North Carolina, US

et al. 2016

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Algae were recently considered as a promising third-generation biofuel feedstock due to their superior productivity, high oil content, and environmentally friendly nature. However, the sustainable production became the major constraint facing commercial development of algal biofuels. For this study, firstly, a factorial experimental design was used to analyze the effects of the process parameters including temperatures of 8-25˝C, light intensity of 150-900 µmol¨m´2s´1, and light duration of 6-24 h on the biomass yields of local alga Chlamydomonas debaryana in swine wastewater. The results were fitted with a quadratic equation (R 2 = 0.9706). The factors of temperature, light duration, the interaction of light intensity-light duration, and the quadratic effect of temperature were statistically significant. When evaluating different scenarios for the sustainable production of algal biomass and biofuels in North Carolina, US, it showed that: (a) Growing C. debaryana in a 10-acre pond on swine wastewater under local weather conditions would yield algal biomass of 113 tonnes/year; (b) If all swine wastewater generated in North Carolina was treated with algae, it will require 137-485 acres of ponds, yielding biomass of 5048-10,468 tonnes/year and algal oil of 1010-2094 tonnes/year. Annually, hundreds of tonnes of nitrogen and phosphorus could be removed from swine wastewater. The required area is mainly dependent on the growth rate of algal species.

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“…For purposes of the scoping analysis exercise, the current algal lipid extraction and upgrading (ALU) case described here is based on the process and cost assumptions detailed in the algae harmonization report released jointly between NREL, Argonne National Laboratory, and PNNL in June 2012 (Davis et al 2012). (Lundquist et al 2010) at a total installed cost of $34,000/ha (2009-dollars).…”

Section: Process Design Detailsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, a key element that is largely lacking from most studies is the governing conditions under which the data were gathered (with many studies conducted under conditions optimized for laboratory experiments), with necessary data particularly lacking for large-scale, outdoor, year-round operation. As noted in the harmonization report, the baseline values estimated to represent today's performance at large scale are set at a year-average algal productivity of 13 g/m 2 /day and 25 wt% lipid content (Davis et al 2012), or near 1,300 gal/acre/year of algal oil. To reduce fuel selling price to a competitive target, there is room to improve these parameters to a range of 5,000-6,000 gal/acre/year, which is a target generally agreed to be realistically achievable (ABO 2011), and much less than the theoretical photosynthetic maximum of 38,000 gal/acre/year (Weyer et al 2010).…”

Section: Cultivationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Algal Lipid Extraction and Upgrading to Hydrocarbons Technology Pathway

Davis¹,

Biddy²,

Jones³

2013

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Renewable Diesel from Algal Lipids: An Integrated Baseline for Cost, Emissions, and Resource Potential from a Harmonized Model

Cited by 123 publications

References 29 publications

The Marine Microalga, Heterosigma akashiwo, Converts Industrial Waste Gases into Valuable Biomass

The Marine Microalga, Heterosigma akashiwo, Converts Industrial Waste Gases into Valuable Biomass

Sustainable Production of Algal Biomass and Biofuels Using Swine Wastewater in North Carolina, US

Algal Lipid Extraction and Upgrading to Hydrocarbons Technology Pathway

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