Renal Pelvic Diameters in Human Fetuses: Anatomical Reference for Diagnosis of Fetal Hydronephrosis

Lobo, Marcio L.P.; Favorito, Luciano A.; Figueiredo, Marcelo Abidú; Sampaio, Francisco J.B.

doi:10.1016/j.urology.2010.06.049

Cited by 11 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Homocysteine is implicated to be an atherogenic amino acid, and fasting hyperhomocysteinaemia has been shown to be an independent predictor of CV events among RTR . However, in the Folic Acid for Vascular Outcome Reduction in Transplantation trial , lowering homocysteine levels has not been shown to decrease CV risk among 4110 RTR treated with vitamin B6 and vitamin B12 and with either high or low dose folic acid, despite the fact that homocysteine was effectively lowered with high dose folic acid.…”

Section: Lifestyle and Other CV Risk Factors In Kidney Transplant Recmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…The paradox of reverse epidemiology is acknowledged in patients with ESRD on dialysis where J‐shaped (rather than linear) relationships are seen between blood pressure (BP) , cholesterol and body mass index and mortality risk. Following successful transplantation patients with ESRD have more conventional relationships between CV risk factors and outcome, as illustrated recently by post hoc analysis of the folic acid for Vascular Outcome Reduction in Transplantation trial , where there was a linear relationship between increasing systolic BP and mortality. Although more conventional relationships between CVD and risk factors evolve post‐transplantation, legacy of time spent on dialysis remains.…”

Section: Clinical Aspects Of Cvd In Kidney Transplantationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cardiovascular morbidity and mortality after kidney transplantation

2014

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Summary Kidney transplantation is the optimal treatment for patients with end stage renal disease (ESRD) who would otherwise require dialysis. Patients with ESRD are at dramatically increased cardiovascular (CV) risk compared with the general population. As well as improving quality of life, successful transplantation accords major benefits by reducing CV risk in these patients. Worldwide, cardiovascular disease remains the leading cause of death with a functioning graft and therefore is a leading cause of graft failure. This review focuses on the mechanisms underpinning excess CV morbidity and mortality and current evidence for improving CV risk in kidney transplant recipients. Conventional CV risk factors such as hypertension, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidaemia and pre‐existing ischaemic heart disease are all highly prevalent in this group. In addition, kidney transplant recipients exhibit a number of risk factors associated with pre‐existing renal disease. Furthermore, complications specific to transplantation may ensue including reduced graft function, side effects of immunosuppression and post‐transplantation diabetes mellitus. Strategies to improve CV outcomes post‐transplantation may include pharmacological intervention including lipid‐lowering or antihypertensive therapy, optimization of graft function, lifestyle intervention and personalizing immunosuppression to the individual patients risk profile.

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Section: Lifestyle and Other CV Risk Factors In Kidney Transplant Recmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Clinical Aspects Of Cvd In Kidney Transplantationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cardiovascular morbidity and mortality after kidney transplantation

2014

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“…So, some studies are focused on the association of kidney size in a normal fetus with gestational age. 5 The accurate knowledge of gestational age is a keystone in an obstetrician's ability to successfully provide antepartum care to the patient and is of critical importance in ante-natal testing and successful planning of appropriate therapy or intervention. Failure can result in iatrogenic prematurity or post-maturity which is associated with increased perinatal morbidity and mortality.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Foetal Kidney Length as a Parameter for Determination of Gestational Age in Pregnancy by Ultrasonography

Saxena¹,

Saxena²,

Joshi³

et al. 2016

IJMRP

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Background: The ability to accurately determine the fetal gestational age, growth and recognize its abnormal patterns, help us to decide if early intervention is necessary in high risk pregnancy or not. Objectives: The aim of this present study to estimate the gestational age in third trimester using mean fetal kidney length. Material & Methods: This cross section hospital based study conducted in the department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, S.P. Medical College, Bikaner during study period of one year from 2015 to 2016. Pregnant women (n=100) with known dates of different parity and ages were included in this study. The women were evaluated as per history, general physical examination and routine antenatal investigations and using third trimester ultrasonography. Results: In present study, gestational age was ranging from 28 to 40 weeks and their mean kidney length was ranging from 28.00 to 40.00 mm. Maximum number of cases was found in gestational age 36 & 37 weeks (n=17 each) while least common gestational age was 39 & 40 weeks where only 1 patient was found in each. Conclusion: The fetal kidney length increases with each week of gestation. However, large and multicentric studies are required to recommend it.

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“…We considered the thickness of the renal pelvis as 1mm, so the fetal renal pelvis volume was calculated using the ellipsoid formula too: fetal renal pelvis volume (RpvV)=renal pelvis length x renal pelvis thickness (=1mm) x renal pelvis width x 0.523. An accurate assessment of the renal parenchymal volume (RpcV) can be obtained by subtacting the volume of the renal pelvis from the total renal volume (20)(21)(22)(23)(24).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%