Removal of Fluoride from Aqueous Solution by CaO Nanoparticles

Synthesis of clamshell derived Ca(OH)2 nano-particles via simple surfactant-hydration treatment

“…Different studies were discussed on the preparation methods for Ca(OH) 2 nanoparticles including sonochemical technique [4,21], hydrogen plasma-metal reaction [5], sol-gel method [22][23][24], hydrothermal method [25], homogeneous and heterogeneous phase syntheses [26][27][28][29] and precipitation method [30,31]. However, these techniques come with its own limitations which are high cost of organic solvents and chemical reagents that required as CaO starting precursor.…”

Defluoridation of water using nano-magnesium oxide

“…Nano-scale metal oxide particles offer significantly enhanced sorption capacity and shorter diffusion route as the sorption or binding sites reside only on the surface [20][21][22]. However, only a few reports are available in literature dealing with the applications of nano-scale metal oxides for the removal of fluoride and other anions from water [19,[22][23][24][25]. Magnesium oxide (MgO) was suggested to be an attractive defluoridation agent due to its high adsorption capacity, non-toxic nature and limited solubility in water.…”

Defluoridation from aqueous solutions by nano-alumina: Characterization and sorption studies

“…As the sorption or binding sites reside only on the surface, nanoscale metal oxide particles with a very high surface-to-volume ratio offer significantly enhanced sorption capacity and shorter diffusion route [22][23][24]. However, only a few reports are available in literature dealing with the applications of nano-scale metal oxides for the removal of fluoride and other anions from water [21,[24][25][26][27]. In this perspective, it was thought desirable to test the potential of nano-alumina for fluoride removal as alumina and aluminum containing compounds have high affinity toward fluoride but no detailed studies are reported on the defluoridation of water using nano-alumina.…”