Removal of Dye by Biological Methods Using Fungi

Abstract

Synthetic dyes are increasingly used in industries such as medicine, pharmaceuticals, textiles, paper, cosmetics, leather, photography, food, etc. These compounds have severe environmental effects; most are toxic, mutagenic, and carcinogenic. In addition, they are usually resistant to degradation, and decolorizing them by physical or chemical methods, such as surface absorption, sedimentation, chemical analysis, light analysis, etc., requires substantial amounts of money, time, and energy. At the moment, the attention of most researchers in this field is focused on microorganisms with the ability to remove dyes from color materials. Innovative processes for the treatment of industrial wastewater which contains heavy metals and dyes are often used to reduce environmental pollution and the toxicity of these pollutants to cause the wastewater to meet purification standards. Research has shown that microorganisms such as bacteria, fungi, and yeasts can play an important role in decolorizing wastewater. The purpose of this paper is to review the causes of contamination and the role of fungi in decolorizing industrial wastewater.

Heterogeneous catalyst ozonation of Direct Black 22 from aqueous solution in the presence of metal slags originating from industrial solid wastes

“…The newly produced ozone was distributed into a 1.2 L tubular borosilicate glass reactor (h = 450 mm, ф in = 60 mm) through a diffuser located at the bottom of the reactor. Each kind of metal slag was separately added into the reactor containing 500 mL DB22 with a desired concentration of 0.125-1.0 g/L and at various pH (3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11) H 2 O 2 /metal slags) reactions were carried out in duplicated systems. In the later reaction, H 2 O 2 dosage of 100 mg/L was applied.…”

“…Various approaches and techniques have been applied to decolorize and decompose dyes, such as coagulation [4], adsorption [5,6], biological treatment [7][8][9][10], filtration [11], electrochemical [12], Fenton oxidation process [13,14] and photocatalytic methods [15], etc. However, these methods pose their specifically disadvantages or limitations, including low mineralization efficiency, high energy consumption, difficulty in handling large amounts of chemicals, sludge disposal, unsuitability to toxic compounds, requirement of a large area and higher residence time [16].…”

Comparative investigation of indigo blue dye removal efficiency of activated carbon and natural clay in adsorption/ultrafiltration system

“…K c  q e C e (12) C e is the equilibrium adsorbate concentration of dye in solution (mg/L); T is the temperature expressed in Kelvin (K); and R is the gas constant (R = 8.314 J/mol K). where K c the adsorption equilibrium constant; q e is the amount of adsorbed dye per unit mass of adsorbent (mg/g);…”

“…Nowadays, several treatment methods are available for degradation and removal of dyes from wastewater. A few of these methods include, chemical oxidation [4][5][6][7][8], filtration [9,10], biological treatment [11,12], biochemical degradations [6], ion-exchange removal [8], adsorption [13][14][15][16][17], photocatalysis [18,19]. In comparison with chemical and biological methods, membrane based method such as nanofiltration (NF) and utrafiltration (UF), have emerged a promising physical treatment method.…”

Decolourization of Crystal Violate and Methylene Blue Wastewater Using Anaerobic Fermented Bio-Waste

“…The formulas for CV and MB are C 25 H 30 ClN 3 and C 16 H 18 ClN 3 S, respectively. Dye removal methods can be separated into three main categories, biological, chemical, and physical [ 11 – 13 ]. Natural treatment using bacterial decolourisation has been reported as an economical alternative to chemical and physical treatment.…”